PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study examines the complex relationship between scenarios of cold-water immersion, survival durations, and prehospital interventions. It utilizes computational modeling methods to shed light on how different water temperatures affect individuals facing accidental cold-water immersion incidents. The analysis reveals significant variations in survival times based on water temperature. For example, subjects immersed in water at temperatures of 5 °C, 2 °C, and 0 °C had average survival times of 136, 113, and 100 min, respectively, under stable conditions. In flowing water at the same temperatures, survival times decreased to 119, 92, and 81 min, indicating the impact of water movement on cooling rates and survival durations. Likewise, individuals immersed in saltwater at temperatures of 5 °C, 2 °C, 0 °C, and -2 °C showed average survival times of 111, 88, 80, and 66 min, respectively, in static conditions. In flowing saltwater at the same temperatures, survival times decreased to 98, 74, 68, and 57 min, highlighting the influence of water flow on cooling rates and survival durations. A comparison between immersion in pure water and saltwater at 2 °C revealed survival times of 113 and 88 min under stable conditions and 92 and 74 min under dynamic conditions, emphasizing the role of water composition in survival outcomes. The study also challenges the notion that the demise of the Titanic\'s passengers and crew resulted from hypothermia, asserting instead that severe thermal shock was the primary cause. These numerical findings underscore the importance of considering water temperature, flow dynamics, and prompt medical responses in cold-water emergencies to enhance survival prospects. The study identifies water within the range of 41-43 °C as the most effective active external rewarming fluid for critical hypothermal conditions. By quantifying the impact of these variables on survival times, the study provides data-driven recommendations to improve emergency protocols and outcomes for individuals facing cold-water immersion incidents.
摘要：
本研究考察了冷水浸泡场景之间的复杂关系，生存持续时间，和院前干预措施。它利用计算建模方法来阐明不同的水温如何影响面临意外冷水浸泡事件的个人。该分析揭示了基于水温的存活时间的显著变化。例如,受试者在5°C的温度下浸入水中，2°C,0°C的平均存活时间为136、113和100分钟，分别,在稳定的条件下。在相同温度的流动水中，存活时间减少到119、92和81分钟，指示水运动对冷却速率和存活时间的影响。同样，在5°C的温度下浸入盐水中的个体，2°C,0°C,和-2°C显示平均存活时间为111、88、80和66分钟，分别,在静态条件下。在相同温度下流动的盐水中，存活时间减少到98、74、68和57分钟，强调水流量对冷却速率和存活时间的影响。在2°C下浸入纯水和盐水中的比较显示，在稳定条件下的存活时间为113和88分钟，在动态条件下的存活时间为92和74分钟，强调水成分在生存结果中的作用。这项研究还挑战了泰坦尼克号乘客和机组人员死亡是由体温过低导致的观点，相反，断言严重的热冲击是主要原因。这些数值结果强调了考虑水温的重要性，流动动力学,并在冷水紧急情况下迅速做出医疗反应，以提高生存前景。该研究将41-43°C范围内的水确定为临界低温条件下最有效的主动外部加温流体。通过量化这些变量对生存时间的影响，该研究提供了数据驱动的建议,以改善面临冷水浸泡事故的个人的应急方案和结果.
