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Abstract：
Rapid and uncontrolled urban growth and land use changes in watersheds worldwide have led to increased surface runoff within metropolitan areas, coupled with climate change, creating a risk for residents during the rainy season. The city of San Luis Potosí is no exception to this phenomenon. One affected watercourse is the Garita Stream, which flows inside the city near urbanization. It is essential to analyze the effects of urban sprawl on this stream based on historical precipitation data for the town. Hydrological and topographical information were required to conduct this research. The hydrological study of the basin involved analyzing the region\'s geomorphology and historical climatological data. For the stream\'s topography, aerial photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment was employed to conduct topographic surveys in the area. To find out when the Garita stream would overflow and which areas are most likely to flood, numerical modeling was done using 1D, 2D, and 3D programs like SWMM5 (Storm Water Management Model), HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center\'s River Analysis System), and EDFC Explorer (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code). These models simulated different return periods and their correlation with current flooding events recorded in the area, thereby further proposing solutions to mitigate overflow issues. By conducting these simulations and analyzing the results, solutions can be suggested to address the overflow problems in the area based on historical flood events at various return periods caused by the Garita Stream.
摘要：
全球流域快速和不受控制的城市增长和土地利用变化导致大都市地区的地表径流增加，再加上气候变化，在雨季给居民带来风险。圣路易斯波托西市也不例外。一个受影响的水道是加丽塔溪流，在城市化附近的城市内部流动。根据该镇的历史降水数据，必须分析城市蔓延对这条河流的影响。进行这项研究需要水文和地形信息。流域的水文研究涉及分析该地区的地貌和历史气候数据。对于溪流的地形，使用无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）设备的航空摄影测量被用来在该地区进行地形测量。为了找出Garita溪流何时会溢出以及哪些地区最有可能被洪水淹没，使用1D进行数值建模，2D,和3D程序，如SWMM5（雨水管理模型），HEC-RAS(水文工程中心河流分析系统),和EDFC浏览器（环境流体动力学代码）。这些模型模拟了不同的重现期及其与该地区记录的当前洪水事件的相关性，从而进一步提出解决方案以减轻溢出问题。通过进行这些模拟和分析结果，可以根据GaritaStream引起的各种重现期的历史洪水事件，提出解决方案来解决该地区的溢出问题。
