Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The association between playing Ma-jong, chess and cards (PMCC) and shoulder pain among elderly adults in China remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the association based on a nationally representative large-scale survey.
METHODS: The study used two waves of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018. All subjects met the inclusion criteria were classified based on the results of the CHARLS wave questionnaire. Logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between PMCC and shoulder pain. Odds ratios (OR) were reported to indicate the strength of the association.
RESULTS: In total, 8125 participants aged over 60 years (48.3 % male; mean age 67.9 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional association study in 2015, and further 6861 elderly adults were followed up in 2018. The overall prevalence of shoulder pain in the cross-sectional population was 15.6 %. In the non-PMCC and PMCC groups, the incidence of shoulder pain was 16.6 % and 10.7 %, respectively (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the results showed a significant association between PMCC and shoulder pain (OR: 0.798, 95 % CI: 0.662-0.963, P = 0.018). In the longitudinal analysis from 2015 to 2018, the incidence of new-occurrence shoulder pain in non-PMCC and PMCC groups was 22.1 %, and 18.5 %, respectively (P = 0.004). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the non-PMCC group, the risk of the occurrence of shoulder pain for individuals with PMCC was lower (OR: 0.832, 95 % CI: 0.709-0.975, P = 0.023).
CONCLUSIONS: PMCC is associated with lower incidence of shoulder pain, which provides evidence for PMCC as a potential protective factor in the occurrence of shoulder pain.
METHODS: The study used two waves of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018. All subjects met the inclusion criteria were classified based on the results of the CHARLS wave questionnaire. Logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between PMCC and shoulder pain. Odds ratios (OR) were reported to indicate the strength of the association.
RESULTS: In total, 8125 participants aged over 60 years (48.3 % male; mean age 67.9 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional association study in 2015, and further 6861 elderly adults were followed up in 2018. The overall prevalence of shoulder pain in the cross-sectional population was 15.6 %. In the non-PMCC and PMCC groups, the incidence of shoulder pain was 16.6 % and 10.7 %, respectively (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the results showed a significant association between PMCC and shoulder pain (OR: 0.798, 95 % CI: 0.662-0.963, P = 0.018). In the longitudinal analysis from 2015 to 2018, the incidence of new-occurrence shoulder pain in non-PMCC and PMCC groups was 22.1 %, and 18.5 %, respectively (P = 0.004). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the non-PMCC group, the risk of the occurrence of shoulder pain for individuals with PMCC was lower (OR: 0.832, 95 % CI: 0.709-0.975, P = 0.023).
CONCLUSIONS: PMCC is associated with lower incidence of shoulder pain, which provides evidence for PMCC as a potential protective factor in the occurrence of shoulder pain.
摘要：
背景：玩马将之间的关联，中国老年人的棋牌运动（PMCC）和肩痛尚不清楚。本研究旨在基于具有全国代表性的大规模调查来检查该关联。
方法：该研究使用了2015年和2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）的两波数据。所有符合纳入标准的受试者均根据CHARLS波问卷的结果进行分类。采用Logistic回归模型分析PMCC与肩痛的横断面和纵向关系。据报道，赔率比（OR）表示关联的强度。
结果：总计，2015年，8125名年龄在60岁以上的参与者(48.3%男性;平均年龄67.9±6.4岁)参加了一项横断面关联研究，2018年又对6861名老年人进行了随访。横断面人群中肩痛的总患病率为15.6%。在非PMCC和PMCC组中，肩痛发生率分别为16.6%和10.7%,分别(P<0.001)。在完全调整的模型中，结果显示PMCC与肩痛之间存在显著关联(OR:0.798,95%CI:0.662-0.963,P=0.018).在2015年至2018年的纵向分析中，非PMCC和PMCC组的新发肩痛发生率为22.1％，和18.5%，分别为(P=0.004)。在完全调整的模型中，与非PMCC组相比，PMCC患者发生肩痛的风险较低(OR:0.832,95%CI:0.709-0.975,P=0.023).
结论：PMCC与较低的肩痛发生率相关，这为PMCC作为肩痛发生的潜在保护因素提供了证据。
方法：该研究使用了2015年和2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）的两波数据。所有符合纳入标准的受试者均根据CHARLS波问卷的结果进行分类。采用Logistic回归模型分析PMCC与肩痛的横断面和纵向关系。据报道，赔率比（OR）表示关联的强度。
结果：总计，2015年，8125名年龄在60岁以上的参与者(48.3%男性;平均年龄67.9±6.4岁)参加了一项横断面关联研究，2018年又对6861名老年人进行了随访。横断面人群中肩痛的总患病率为15.6%。在非PMCC和PMCC组中，肩痛发生率分别为16.6%和10.7%,分别(P<0.001)。在完全调整的模型中，结果显示PMCC与肩痛之间存在显著关联(OR:0.798,95%CI:0.662-0.963,P=0.018).在2015年至2018年的纵向分析中，非PMCC和PMCC组的新发肩痛发生率为22.1％，和18.5%，分别为(P=0.004)。在完全调整的模型中，与非PMCC组相比，PMCC患者发生肩痛的风险较低(OR:0.832,95%CI:0.709-0.975,P=0.023).
结论：PMCC与较低的肩痛发生率相关，这为PMCC作为肩痛发生的潜在保护因素提供了证据。
