Abstract：
This study investigates concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in organic and conventional wheat flour and grains marketed in Las Vegas. Geographic origins of the samples were evaluated using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Monte Carlo Simulation technique was also employed to evaluate non-carcinogenic risk in four life stages. Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following hot block-assisted digestion. Obtained results showed non-significant differences in contents of toxic and PTEs between conventional and organic wheat grains/flour. Using LDA, metal (loid)s were found to be indicative of geographical origin. The LDA produced a total correct classification rate of 95.8% and 100% for US and West Pacific Region samples, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the estimated non-carcinogenic risk associated with toxic element intakes across the four life stages were far lower than the threshold value (Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) > 1). However, the probability of exceeding the threshold value for Mn is approximately 32% in children aged between 5 and 8 years. The findings of this study can aid in understanding dietary Mn exposure in children in Las Vegas.
摘要：
这项研究调查了拉斯维加斯销售的有机和常规小麦粉和谷物中有毒和潜在有毒元素（PTE）的浓度。使用线性判别分析(LDA)评估样品的地理来源。蒙特卡罗模拟技术还用于评估四个生命阶段的非致癌风险。铝的浓度，As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,在热块辅助消化后，使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定Zn。获得的结果表明，常规和有机小麦籽粒/面粉之间的毒性和PTEs含量没有显着差异。使用LDA，金属（类）被发现表明是地理来源。LDA对美国和西太平洋区域样本的总正确分类率为95.8％和100％，分别。本研究的结果表明，在四个生命阶段，与有毒元素摄入量相关的非致癌风险估计远远低于阈值（目标危害商（THQ）>1）。然而,在5至8岁的儿童中，超过Mn阈值的概率约为32％。这项研究的结果可以帮助了解拉斯维加斯儿童的饮食锰暴露。
