Abstract：
Mismanagement of the nitrogen (N) fertilization in agriculture leads to low N use efficiency (NUE) and therefore pollution of waters and atmosphere due to NO3- leaching, and N2O and NH3 emissions. The use of N simulation models of the soil-plant system can help improve the N fertilizer management increasing NUE and decreasing N pollution issues. However, many N simulation models lack balance between complexity and uncertainty with the result that they are not applied in actual practice. The NITIRSOIL is a one-dimensional transient-state model with a monthly time step that aims at addressing this lack in the estimation of, mainly, dry matter yield (DMY), crop N uptake (Nupt), soil mineral N (Nmin), and NO3- leaching in agricultural fields. According to its global sensitivity analysis for horticulture, the NITIRSOIL simulations of the aforementioned outputs mostly depend on the critical N dilution curve, harvest index, dry matter fraction, potential fresh yield and nitrification coefficients. According to its validation for 35 nitrogen fertilization trials with 11 vegetables under semi-arid Mediterranean climate in Eastern Spain, the NITIRSOIL presents indices of agreement between 0.87 and 0.97 for the prediction of total dry matter, DMY, Nupt, NO3- leaching and soil Nmin at crop season end. Therefore, the NITIRSOIL model can be used in actual practice to improve the sustainability of the N management in, particularly horticulture, due to the balance it features between complexity and prediction uncertainty. For this aim, the NITRISOIL can be used either on its own, or in combination with \"Nmin\" on-site N fertilization recommendation methods, or even could be implemented as the calculation core of decision support systems.
摘要：
农业中氮（N）施肥的管理不善导致氮利用效率低（NUE），因此由于NO3-浸出而污染了水和大气，以及N2O和NH3排放。使用土壤-植物系统的N模拟模型可以帮助改善氮肥管理，增加NUE并减少N污染问题。然而,许多仿真模型在复杂性和不确定性之间缺乏平衡，结果它们没有应用于实际实践。NITIRSOIL是一个具有每月时间步长的一维瞬态模型，旨在解决主要是,干物质产量(DMY)，作物氮素吸收(Nupt)，土壤矿质N(Nmin)，以及农田中的NO3-浸出。根据其对园艺的全球敏感性分析，上述输出的NITIRSOIL模拟主要取决于临界N稀释曲线，收获指数，干物质分数，潜在的新鲜产量和硝化系数。根据其在西班牙东部半干旱地中海气候下对11种蔬菜进行的35项氮肥试验的验证，NITIRSOIL提出了0.87和0.97之间的一致指数，用于预测总干物质，DMY,Nupt,作物季节结束时NO3-淋溶和土壤Nmin。因此,NITIRSOIL模型可用于实际实践中，以提高N管理的可持续性，尤其是园艺,由于它在复杂性和预测不确定性之间的平衡。为了这个目标,NITRISOIL可以单独使用，或与“Nmin”现场氮肥推荐方法相结合，甚至可以实现为决策支持系统的计算核心。
