PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Chickens exhibit extensive genetic diversity and are distributed worldwide. Different chicken breeds have evolved to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. However, research on the genetic mechanisms underlying chicken adaptation to extreme environments, such as tropical, frigid and drought-prone regions, remains limited. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 240 individuals from six native chicken breeds in Xinjiang, China, as well as 4 publicly available chicken breeds inhabiting regions with varying annual precipitations, temperatures, and altitudes. Our analysis revealed several genetic variants among the examined breeds. Furthermore, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of breeds residing in extreme drought and temperature environments by comparing them. Notably, native chicken breeds exhibited different genetic diversity and population structures. Moreover, we identified candidate genes associated with chicken adaptability to the environment, such as CORO2A, CTNNA3, AGMO, GRID2, BBOX1, COL3A1, INSR, SOX5, MAP2 and PLPPR1. Additionally, pathways such as lysosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and Wnt signaling may be play crucial roles in regulating chicken adaptation to drought environments. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing chicken adaptation to extreme environments, and also offer insights for enhancing the resilience of chicken breeds to different climatic conditions.
摘要：
鸡具有广泛的遗传多样性，分布在世界各地。不同的鸡品种已经进化到在不同的环境条件下茁壮成长。然而,研究鸡适应极端环境的遗传机制，比如热带，寒冷和干旱多发地区，仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们对新疆6个土鸡品种的240个个体进行了全基因组测序,中国,以及4种公开可用的鸡种，它们居住在每年降水量不同的地区，温度,和高度。我们的分析揭示了所检查品种中的几种遗传变异。此外，我们通过比较研究了居住在极端干旱和温度环境中的品种的遗传多样性和种群结构。值得注意的是,土鸡品种表现出不同的遗传多样性和种群结构。此外，我们确定了与鸡对环境适应性相关的候选基因，例如CORO2A，CTNNA3AGMO,GRID2,BBOX1,COL3A1,INSR,SOX5、MAP2和PLPPR1。此外,途径如溶酶体，半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢，糖胺聚糖降解，Wnt信号可能在调节鸡对干旱环境的适应中起关键作用。总的来说,这些发现有助于我们理解控制鸡适应极端环境的遗传机制，并为增强鸡品种对不同气候条件的恢复能力提供了见解。
