Abstract：
Previous work has shown that caregiver attention shapes visual cognition in infants through dyadic interactions. Is this association measurable when visual cognition is objectively measured in caregivers and infants using comparable experimental paradigms? In the current study, we presented infants (N = 86) and caregivers (N = 78) with age-specific variants of the same preferential looking visual cognition task to investigate whether caregiver visual cognition was associated with their infants\' visual cognition. In each trial of the task, two side-by-side flashing displays of coloured shapes were presented. On the \'unchanging\' side, the colours of the shapes remained the same. On the \'changing\' side, the colour of one shape changed after each flash. Load was varied by changing the number of shapes across trials (low, medium, and high loads). We extracted looking dynamics using video recordings and brain function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy as both infants and caregivers engaged with the task. Change preference (CP) score, which represented the amount of time spent looking at the changing side divided by the total looking duration, showed a load-dependent modulation for both infants and caregivers. Both groups showed the highest CP scores at the low load. Further, higher caregiver CP scores was associated with higher infant CP scores at the low load. Both infants and caregivers engaged canonical regions of the fronto-parietal network involved in visual cognition. Critically, higher caregiver CP scores were associated with greater activation in the left superior parietal lobule in younger infants, a region involved in allocating visuo-spatial attention and working memory maintenance. Further, there was spatial overlap between performance-dependent regions in the right parietal cortex in caregivers and younger infants. Our findings provide first evidence of a heritability-related visual neurocognitive association between caregivers and their children in the first year of life.
摘要：
先前的工作表明，照顾者的注意力通过二元互动塑造了婴儿的视觉认知。当使用可比较的实验范式在照顾者和婴儿中客观地测量视觉认知时，这种关联是否可测量？在当前研究中，我们为婴儿(N=86)和照顾者(N=78)提供了相同优先视觉视觉认知任务的年龄特异性变体,以调查照顾者视觉认知是否与婴儿视觉认知相关.在任务的每次试验中，呈现了两个并排闪烁的彩色形状。在\'不变\'的一面，形状的颜色保持不变。在\'改变\'的一面，每次闪光后，一种形状的颜色都会改变。通过改变试验中形状的数量来改变负载(低，中等,和高负荷)。当婴儿和护理人员参与任务时，我们使用视频记录和使用功能近红外光谱提取大脑功能的动态。更改偏好（CP）评分，这代表了花在查看变化方面的时间除以总的查看时间，对婴儿和看护人都表现出负荷依赖性调制。两组在低负荷时的CP得分最高。Further,在低负荷时,较高的照顾者CP评分与较高的婴儿CP评分相关.婴儿和护理人员都参与了涉及视觉认知的额顶叶网络的规范区域。严重的,较高的照顾者CP评分与较小婴儿的左顶叶上小叶的更大激活相关，涉及分配视觉空间注意力和工作记忆维护的区域。Further,护理人员和较小的婴儿的右顶叶皮质中的行为依赖性区域之间存在空间重叠.我们的发现提供了第一个证据，证明了照顾者和他们的孩子在生命的第一年之间存在与遗传相关的视觉神经认知关联。
