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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: In the world of sports, motivation is an essential concept that can affect the sporting performance of athletes and help them accomplish their goals. The coach is regarded as an important individual with the ability to significantly influence the athlete\'s motivation. To assess the impact of the coach-athlete relationship on motivation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) for coaches and athletes.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the coaches and athletes in Malaysia. Data were collected using a convenience sampling approach over a 6-month period. The study was carried out in two phases using two independent samples of coaches and athletes to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Malay version of the CART-Q. The CART-Q consisted of 11 items measuring three constructs: i) closeness (four items), ii) commitment (three items) and iii) complementarity (four items). In phase 1, the subjects consisted of 211 coaches (21 years old-65 years old) from both sexes and from individual and team sports, ranging from levels 1 to 5. In phase 2, the subjects consisted of 362 athletes (12 years old-39 years old), also from both sexes and from individual and team sports. The statistical analyses performed included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the translated version scale, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE) and internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha).
UNASSIGNED: In phase 1, the sample of coaches, with 190 males (90.0%) and 21 females (10.0%), had a mean age of 38.6 (SD = 8.74) years old. The major sport type was archery (19.0%). The CFA revealed adequate fit indices with all 11 items retained (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.059, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.964, Tucker and Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.950, standardised root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.037). The CR values were closeness = 0.874, commitment = 0.566 and complementarity = 0.757. The AVE values were closeness = 0.357, commitment = 0.194 and complementarity = 0.275. The Cronbach\'s alpha values were closeness = 0.867, commitment = 0.553 and complementarity = 0.794. In phase 2, the sample of athletes, with 175 males (48.1%) and 189 females (51.9%), had a mean age of 20.2 (SD = 3.35) years old. The major sport type was archery (11.5%). The CFA revealed satisfactory fit indices with all 11 items retained (RMSEA = 0.092, CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.924, SRMR =.038). The CR values were closeness = 0.893, commitment = 0.786 and complementarity = 0.949. The AVE values were closeness = 0.401, commitment = 0.253 and complementarity = 0.418. The Cronbach\'s alpha values were closeness = 0.900, commitment = 0.772 and complementarity = 0.900.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, the study findings supported the conclusion that the Malay version of the CART-Q has adequate psychometric properties to assess the perceptions of coaches and athletes regarding their relationship.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the coaches and athletes in Malaysia. Data were collected using a convenience sampling approach over a 6-month period. The study was carried out in two phases using two independent samples of coaches and athletes to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Malay version of the CART-Q. The CART-Q consisted of 11 items measuring three constructs: i) closeness (four items), ii) commitment (three items) and iii) complementarity (four items). In phase 1, the subjects consisted of 211 coaches (21 years old-65 years old) from both sexes and from individual and team sports, ranging from levels 1 to 5. In phase 2, the subjects consisted of 362 athletes (12 years old-39 years old), also from both sexes and from individual and team sports. The statistical analyses performed included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the translated version scale, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE) and internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha).
UNASSIGNED: In phase 1, the sample of coaches, with 190 males (90.0%) and 21 females (10.0%), had a mean age of 38.6 (SD = 8.74) years old. The major sport type was archery (19.0%). The CFA revealed adequate fit indices with all 11 items retained (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.059, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.964, Tucker and Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.950, standardised root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.037). The CR values were closeness = 0.874, commitment = 0.566 and complementarity = 0.757. The AVE values were closeness = 0.357, commitment = 0.194 and complementarity = 0.275. The Cronbach\'s alpha values were closeness = 0.867, commitment = 0.553 and complementarity = 0.794. In phase 2, the sample of athletes, with 175 males (48.1%) and 189 females (51.9%), had a mean age of 20.2 (SD = 3.35) years old. The major sport type was archery (11.5%). The CFA revealed satisfactory fit indices with all 11 items retained (RMSEA = 0.092, CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.924, SRMR =.038). The CR values were closeness = 0.893, commitment = 0.786 and complementarity = 0.949. The AVE values were closeness = 0.401, commitment = 0.253 and complementarity = 0.418. The Cronbach\'s alpha values were closeness = 0.900, commitment = 0.772 and complementarity = 0.900.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, the study findings supported the conclusion that the Malay version of the CART-Q has adequate psychometric properties to assess the perceptions of coaches and athletes regarding their relationship.
摘要：
■在体育界,动机是一个重要的概念，可以影响运动员的运动表现，并帮助他们完成他们的目标。教练被认为是一个重要的个体，具有显著影响运动员动机的能力。为了评估教练-运动员关系对动机的影响，这项研究的目的是评估马来语版本的教练-运动员关系问卷（CART-Q）对教练和运动员的心理测量特性。
■对马来西亚的教练员和运动员进行了横断面调查。使用便利抽样方法在6个月内收集数据。该研究分两个阶段进行，使用两个独立的教练和运动员样本，以评估马来版CART-Q的结构效度和内部一致性。CART-Q由11个项目组成，测量三个结构：i)接近度(四个项目)，ii）承诺（三项）和iii）互补性（四项）。在第一阶段，受试者包括211名男女以及个人和团队运动的教练（21岁-65岁），范围从1级到5级。在第二阶段，受试者包括362名运动员（12岁-39岁），也来自两性以及个人和团队运动。进行的统计分析包括验证性因子分析(CFA)以验证翻译版本量表，复合可靠性(CR)，平均方差提取(AVE)和内部一致性(Cronbach'sα)。
■在第一阶段，教练样本，男性190人（90.0%），女性21人（10.0%），平均年龄为38.6(SD=8.74)岁。主要运动类型是射箭（19.0％）。CFA显示所有11项保留了足够的拟合指数（近似均方根误差[RMSEA]=0.059，比较拟合指数[CFI]=0.964，塔克和刘易斯指数[TLI]=0.950，标准化均方根残差[SRMR]=0.037）。CR值为紧密度=0.874，承诺=0.566，互补性=0.757。AVE值为紧密度=0.357，承诺=0.194，互补性=0.275。Cronbach的α值接近性=0.867，承诺性=0.553，互补性=0.794。在第二阶段，运动员样本，男性175人(48.1%)，女性189人(51.9%)，平均年龄为20.2(SD=3.35)岁。主要运动类型是射箭（11.5％）。CFA显示所有11项保留的拟合指数令人满意（RMSEA=0.092，CFI=0.948，TLI=0.924，SRMR=0.038）。CR值为紧密度=0.893，承诺=0.786，互补性=0.949。AVE值为紧密度=0.401，承诺=0.253，互补性=0.418。Cronbach的α值为接近性=0.900，承诺性=0.772，互补性=0.900。
■总的来说，研究结果支持以下结论：马来语版本的CART-Q具有足够的心理测量特性，可以评估教练和运动员对他们之间关系的看法。
■对马来西亚的教练员和运动员进行了横断面调查。使用便利抽样方法在6个月内收集数据。该研究分两个阶段进行，使用两个独立的教练和运动员样本，以评估马来版CART-Q的结构效度和内部一致性。CART-Q由11个项目组成，测量三个结构：i)接近度(四个项目)，ii）承诺（三项）和iii）互补性（四项）。在第一阶段，受试者包括211名男女以及个人和团队运动的教练（21岁-65岁），范围从1级到5级。在第二阶段，受试者包括362名运动员（12岁-39岁），也来自两性以及个人和团队运动。进行的统计分析包括验证性因子分析(CFA)以验证翻译版本量表，复合可靠性(CR)，平均方差提取(AVE)和内部一致性(Cronbach'sα)。
■在第一阶段，教练样本，男性190人（90.0%），女性21人（10.0%），平均年龄为38.6(SD=8.74)岁。主要运动类型是射箭（19.0％）。CFA显示所有11项保留了足够的拟合指数（近似均方根误差[RMSEA]=0.059，比较拟合指数[CFI]=0.964，塔克和刘易斯指数[TLI]=0.950，标准化均方根残差[SRMR]=0.037）。CR值为紧密度=0.874，承诺=0.566，互补性=0.757。AVE值为紧密度=0.357，承诺=0.194，互补性=0.275。Cronbach的α值接近性=0.867，承诺性=0.553，互补性=0.794。在第二阶段，运动员样本，男性175人(48.1%)，女性189人(51.9%)，平均年龄为20.2(SD=3.35)岁。主要运动类型是射箭（11.5％）。CFA显示所有11项保留的拟合指数令人满意（RMSEA=0.092，CFI=0.948，TLI=0.924，SRMR=0.038）。CR值为紧密度=0.893，承诺=0.786，互补性=0.949。AVE值为紧密度=0.401，承诺=0.253，互补性=0.418。Cronbach的α值为接近性=0.900，承诺性=0.772，互补性=0.900。
■总的来说，研究结果支持以下结论：马来语版本的CART-Q具有足够的心理测量特性，可以评估教练和运动员对他们之间关系的看法。
