PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In accordance with the World Health Organization data, cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases. An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally, emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue. The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient; this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy. Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy, elastography, synthetic biosensors, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance confocal microscopy. Conventional therapeutic methods, although still common in clinical practice, pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy, exosome-based therapy, nanotechnology, dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, natural product-based therapy, tumor-treating fields, and photodynamic therapy. The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions. As evidenced, modern methods are not without drawbacks; there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity, specificity, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, an appropriate route has been taken, as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
摘要：
根据世界卫生组织的数据，癌症仍然是致命疾病的最前沿。全球观察到癌症发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势，强调应继续努力开发检测和治疗方法。诊断路径通常从学习患者的病史开始;随后是基本的血液检查和成像测试，以指示癌症可能位于何处，以安排穿刺活检。迅速开始诊断至关重要，因为延迟的癌症检测需要更高的治疗和住院成本。因此，需要新的癌症检测方法，如液体活检，弹性成像，合成生物传感器，荧光成像,和反射共聚焦显微镜。常规治疗方法,虽然在临床实践中仍然很常见，存在许多局限性，并且不能令人满意。如今,临床研究的动态发展和更精确和有效的方法的发展，如溶瘤病毒疗法，基于外泌体的治疗，纳米技术,树突状细胞,嵌合抗原受体，免疫检查点抑制剂，基于天然产品的治疗，肿瘤治疗领域，和光动力疗法。本文比较了有关常规和现代癌症检测和治疗方法的可用数据，以促进对这一迅速发展的领域及其未来方向的理解。事实证明，现代方法并非没有缺点;仍然需要开发新的检测策略和治疗方法来提高灵敏度，特异性，安全,和功效。然而，已经采取了适当的路线，食品和药物管理局批准了一些现代方法。
