PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Mongolian people possess a unique dietary habit characterized by high consumption of meat and dairy products and fewer vegetables, resulting in the highest obesity rate in East Asia. Although obesity is a known cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the T2D rate is moderate in this population; this is known as the \"Mongolian paradox.\" Since the gut microbiota plays a key role in energy and metabolic homeostasis as an interface between food and body, we investigated gut microbial factors involved in the prevention of the co-occurrence of T2D with obesity in Mongolians. We compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of Mongolian adults with obesity with T2D (DO: n = 31) or without T2D (NDO: n = 35). Dysbiotic signatures were found in the gut microbiome of the DO group; lower levels of Faecalibacterium and Anaerostipes which are known as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and higher levels of Methanobrevibacter, Desulfovibrio, and Solobacterium which are known to be associated with certain diseases. On the other hand, the NDO group exhibited a higher level of fecal SCFA concentration, particularly acetate. This is consistent with the results of the whole shotgun metagenomic analysis, which revealed a higher relative abundance of SCFA biosynthesis-related genes encoded largely by Anaerostipes hadrus in the NDO group. Multiple logistic regression analysis including host demographic parameters indicated that acetate had the highest negative contribution to the onset of T2D. These findings suggest that SCFAs produced by the gut microbial community participate in preventing the development of T2D in obesity in Mongolians.
摘要：
蒙古族具有独特的饮食习惯，其特征是肉类和奶制品的消费量高，蔬菜少，导致东亚肥胖率最高。虽然肥胖是2型糖尿病（T2D）的已知原因，在这一人群中，T2D率是中等的；这被称为“蒙古悖论”。“由于肠道微生物群在能量和代谢稳态中起着关键作用，作为食物和身体之间的界面，我们调查了在蒙古人中参与预防T2D与肥胖同时发生的肠道微生物因素。我们比较了患有T2D（DO：n=31）或没有T2D（NDO：n=35）的肥胖蒙古族成年人的肠道微生物组和代谢组。在DO组的肠道微生物组中发现了生物异常特征；较低水平的Faecalibacterium和厌氧菌，被称为短链脂肪酸（SCFA）生产者和较高水平的Methanobrevibacter，Desulfovibrio,和已知与某些疾病相关的Solobacterium。另一方面,NDO组表现出更高水平的粪便SCFA浓度，特别是醋酸盐。这与整个鸟枪宏基因组分析的结果一致，这表明，在NDO组中，主要由厌氧菌hadrus编码的SCFA生物合成相关基因的相对丰度较高。包括宿主人口统计学参数的多逻辑回归分析表明，乙酸盐对T2D的发作具有最高的负面影响。这些发现表明，由肠道微生物群落产生的SCFA参与预防蒙古人肥胖中T2D的发展。
