PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Glutamate is an important amino acid, metabolite and excitatory neurotransmitter, which is found in its free form in the extracellular spaces of the central nervous system (CNS). More than half of all synapses in CNS release glutamate. It is the main neurotransmitter driving the light responses in the retina. All types of photoreceptors, bipolar, ganglion and one type of glycinergic amacrine cells express specific subtypes of vesicular glutamate transporters and are the main source of endogenous glutamate in retina, besides Müller glia that are responsible for glutamate homeostasis, release and reuptake. Reduced or excessive extracellular glutamate was detected in the synaptic clefts of several naturally occurring or transgenic eye disease models, in which network rewiring and altered functions were observed. These led to the hypothesis that glutamate is one of the extrinsic signals for visual pathway development. This minireview examines experimental evidences supporting, or refuting, the influence of glutamate on prenatal and postnatal retinal development.
摘要：
谷氨酸是一种重要的氨基酸，代谢物和兴奋性神经递质，在中枢神经系统（CNS）的细胞外空间中以游离形式发现。CNS中超过一半的所有突触释放谷氨酸。它是驱动视网膜中光反应的主要神经递质。所有类型的光感受器，双极,神经节和一种类型的甘氨酸能无能细胞表达特定亚型的囊泡谷氨酸转运体，是视网膜内源性谷氨酸的主要来源，除了负责谷氨酸稳态的穆勒胶质细胞，释放和再摄取。在几种天然或转基因眼病模型的突触裂隙中检测到细胞外谷氨酸减少或过量。其中观察到网络重新布线和功能改变。这些导致了以下假设：谷氨酸是视觉途径发育的外在信号之一。这篇小型评论检查了支持的实验证据，或者反驳，谷氨酸对产前和产后视网膜发育的影响。
