Abstract：
Nanotechnology exhibits a wide range of applications in the domain of disease therapy, diagnosis, biological detection, and environmental safeguards. The cross-linked polymeric nanosponges (NSs) are a nanoscale drug carrier system with a 3D porous structure and high entrapment efficacy. NSs up to the fourth generation are currently accessible and can serve as a delivery system for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The delivery system exhibits superiority over alternative methods due to its ability to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. The colloidal structure of NSs facilitates the encapsulation of a wide range of agents such as proteins and peptides, enzymes, antineoplastic drugs, volatile oil, vaccines, DNA, etc. NSs efficiently overcome the challenges associated with drug toxicity and poor aqueous solubility. NS formulations have been explored for various applications like gaseous encapsulation, enzyme immobilization, antifungal therapy, poison absorbent, water purification, etc. This review provides a comprehensive analysis regarding methods of synthesis, distinct polymeric NSs, mechanism of drug release, factors affecting NS development, applications, and patents filed in the field of NSs. Herein, the recently developed NS formulations, their potential in cancer therapy, and current progressions of NS for SARS-CoV-2 management are also deliberated with special attention, focusing on the significant challenges and future directions.
摘要：
纳米技术在疾病治疗领域具有广泛的应用,诊断,生物检测，和环境保护。交联聚合物纳米海绵(NS)是具有3D多孔结构和高包封效力的纳米级药物载体系统。直至第四代的NS目前是可获得的,并且可以用作亲水性和疏水性药物的递送系统。该递送系统由于其实现受控和靶向药物递送的能力而表现出优于替代方法的优势。NSs的胶体结构有助于封装广泛的试剂，如蛋白质和肽，酶，抗肿瘤药物,挥发油，疫苗,DNA,等。NS有效地克服了与药物毒性和差的水溶性相关的挑战。NS配方已被探索用于各种应用，如气体封装，酶固定化，抗真菌治疗,毒药吸收剂,净水,等。这篇综述提供了关于合成方法的全面分析，不同的聚合物NS，药物释放机制，影响NS发育的因素，应用程序,和在NSs领域提交的专利。在这里，最近开发的NS配方，他们在癌症治疗中的潜力，SARS-CoV-2管理NS的当前进展也受到特别关注，关注重大挑战和未来方向。
