Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The authors sought to assess the prosocial, entactogen effects of ketamine.
UNASSIGNED: Pleasure from social situations was assessed in a sample of participants with treatment-resistant depression from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, using four items of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) at five time points over 1 week following treatment with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo. The primary endpoint was postinfusion self-reported pleasure on the four SHAPS items pertaining to social situations, including the item on helping others, between the ketamine and placebo groups. In a rodent experiment, the impact of ketamine on helping behavior in rats was assessed using the harm aversion task. The primary endpoint was a reduction in lever response rate relative to baseline, which indicated the willingness of rats to forgo obtaining sucrose to help protect their cage mate from electric shock.
UNASSIGNED: Relative to placebo, ketamine increased ratings of feeling pleasure from being with family or close friends, seeing other people\'s smiling faces, helping others, and receiving praise, for 1 week following treatment. In the rodent experiment, during the harm aversion task, ketamine-treated rats maintained lower response rates relative to baseline to a greater extent than what was observed in vehicle-treated rats for 6 days posttreatment and delivered fewer shocks overall.
UNASSIGNED: In patients with treatment-resistant depression, ketamine treatment was associated with increased pleasure from social situations, such as feeling pleasure from helping others. Ketamine-treated rats were more likely to protect their cage mate from harm, at the cost of obtaining sucrose. These findings suggest that ketamine has entactogen effects.
UNASSIGNED: Pleasure from social situations was assessed in a sample of participants with treatment-resistant depression from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, using four items of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) at five time points over 1 week following treatment with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo. The primary endpoint was postinfusion self-reported pleasure on the four SHAPS items pertaining to social situations, including the item on helping others, between the ketamine and placebo groups. In a rodent experiment, the impact of ketamine on helping behavior in rats was assessed using the harm aversion task. The primary endpoint was a reduction in lever response rate relative to baseline, which indicated the willingness of rats to forgo obtaining sucrose to help protect their cage mate from electric shock.
UNASSIGNED: Relative to placebo, ketamine increased ratings of feeling pleasure from being with family or close friends, seeing other people\'s smiling faces, helping others, and receiving praise, for 1 week following treatment. In the rodent experiment, during the harm aversion task, ketamine-treated rats maintained lower response rates relative to baseline to a greater extent than what was observed in vehicle-treated rats for 6 days posttreatment and delivered fewer shocks overall.
UNASSIGNED: In patients with treatment-resistant depression, ketamine treatment was associated with increased pleasure from social situations, such as feeling pleasure from helping others. Ketamine-treated rats were more likely to protect their cage mate from harm, at the cost of obtaining sucrose. These findings suggest that ketamine has entactogen effects.
摘要：
■作者试图评估亲社会，氯胺酮的entactogen效应。
■在随机的治疗抵抗抑郁症的参与者样本中评估了来自社交场合的快乐，双盲,安慰剂对照研究，使用氯胺酮（0.5mg/kg静脉注射）或安慰剂治疗后1周内五个时间点的Snaith-Hamilton快乐量表（SHAPS）的四项。主要终点是输液后自我报告的关于四个SHAPS项目的快乐，包括帮助他人的项目，氯胺酮和安慰剂组之间。在一个啮齿动物实验中,使用伤害厌恶任务评估氯胺酮对大鼠帮助行为的影响.主要终点是杠杆反应率相对于基线降低，这表明大鼠愿意放弃获得蔗糖来帮助保护它们的笼子伴侣免受电击。
■相对于安慰剂，氯胺酮增加了与家人或亲密朋友在一起的快乐感的评级，看到别人的笑脸，帮助别人,并受到赞扬，治疗后1周。在啮齿动物实验中，在厌恶伤害任务中，在治疗后6天,氯胺酮治疗的大鼠相对于基线的反应率保持在较低的程度,高于在媒介物治疗的大鼠中观察到的程度,并且总体电击较少.
■在患有难治性抑郁症的患者中，氯胺酮治疗与社交场合带来的快乐增加有关，比如从帮助别人中感到快乐。氯胺酮治疗的大鼠更有可能保护它们的笼子伴侣免受伤害，以获得蔗糖为代价。这些发现表明氯胺酮具有内吞原效应。
■在随机的治疗抵抗抑郁症的参与者样本中评估了来自社交场合的快乐，双盲,安慰剂对照研究，使用氯胺酮（0.5mg/kg静脉注射）或安慰剂治疗后1周内五个时间点的Snaith-Hamilton快乐量表（SHAPS）的四项。主要终点是输液后自我报告的关于四个SHAPS项目的快乐，包括帮助他人的项目，氯胺酮和安慰剂组之间。在一个啮齿动物实验中,使用伤害厌恶任务评估氯胺酮对大鼠帮助行为的影响.主要终点是杠杆反应率相对于基线降低，这表明大鼠愿意放弃获得蔗糖来帮助保护它们的笼子伴侣免受电击。
■相对于安慰剂，氯胺酮增加了与家人或亲密朋友在一起的快乐感的评级，看到别人的笑脸，帮助别人,并受到赞扬，治疗后1周。在啮齿动物实验中，在厌恶伤害任务中，在治疗后6天,氯胺酮治疗的大鼠相对于基线的反应率保持在较低的程度,高于在媒介物治疗的大鼠中观察到的程度,并且总体电击较少.
■在患有难治性抑郁症的患者中，氯胺酮治疗与社交场合带来的快乐增加有关，比如从帮助别人中感到快乐。氯胺酮治疗的大鼠更有可能保护它们的笼子伴侣免受伤害，以获得蔗糖为代价。这些发现表明氯胺酮具有内吞原效应。
