Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The importance of assessing family satisfaction in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is becoming increasingly recognised. The survey, EMpowerment of Parents in THe Intensive Care \"EMPATHIC-30\", was designed to assess family satisfaction and has been translated and implemented in several countries but not yet in Japan.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire in Japanese and to identify potential factors for family-centred care satisfaction.
METHODS: We translated and adapted for patient-reported outcome measures via a 10-step process outlined by the Principles of Good Practice. Four paediatric PICUs in Japan participated in the validation study, and the parental enrolment criterion was a child with a PICU stay of >24 h. Reliability was measured by Cronbach\'s α, and congruent validity was tested with overall satisfaction-with-care scales by correlation analysis. Multivariate linear regression modelling was conducted to identify factors related to each domain of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30.
RESULTS: A total of 163 parents (mean age: 31.9 ± 5.4 years; 81% were mothers) participated. The five domains of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30 showed high reliability (α = 0.87 to 0.97) and congruent validity, demonstrating high correlations with overall satisfaction in nurses (r = 0.75) and doctors (r = 0.76). Multivariate modelling found that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and parents who had experience of a family member in an adult intensive care unit had higher satisfaction scores in all five domains (p < 0.05). Moreover, Buddhists assigned higher satisfaction scores in the Care and Treatment domain (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity measures. We also identified that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and having previous adult intensive care unit experience of a family member were factors in assigning higher scores for all satisfaction domains. PICU clinicians need to be cognisant of ethical, cultural, and religious factors relating to the critically ill child and their family.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire in Japanese and to identify potential factors for family-centred care satisfaction.
METHODS: We translated and adapted for patient-reported outcome measures via a 10-step process outlined by the Principles of Good Practice. Four paediatric PICUs in Japan participated in the validation study, and the parental enrolment criterion was a child with a PICU stay of >24 h. Reliability was measured by Cronbach\'s α, and congruent validity was tested with overall satisfaction-with-care scales by correlation analysis. Multivariate linear regression modelling was conducted to identify factors related to each domain of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30.
RESULTS: A total of 163 parents (mean age: 31.9 ± 5.4 years; 81% were mothers) participated. The five domains of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30 showed high reliability (α = 0.87 to 0.97) and congruent validity, demonstrating high correlations with overall satisfaction in nurses (r = 0.75) and doctors (r = 0.76). Multivariate modelling found that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and parents who had experience of a family member in an adult intensive care unit had higher satisfaction scores in all five domains (p < 0.05). Moreover, Buddhists assigned higher satisfaction scores in the Care and Treatment domain (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity measures. We also identified that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and having previous adult intensive care unit experience of a family member were factors in assigning higher scores for all satisfaction domains. PICU clinicians need to be cognisant of ethical, cultural, and religious factors relating to the critically ill child and their family.
摘要：
背景：在儿科重症监护病房（PICU）中评估家庭满意度的重要性日益得到认可。调查,重症监护中的父母赋权\“EMPATHIC-30\”，旨在评估家庭满意度，并已在多个国家/地区进行了翻译和实施，但尚未在日本实施。
目的：本研究的目的是翻译，文化适应,并验证日本EMPATHIC-30问卷，并确定以家庭为中心的护理满意度的潜在因素。
方法：我们通过“良好实践原则”概述的10步过程，对患者报告的结果测量进行了翻译和调整。日本的四个儿科PICU参与了验证研究，父母的入学标准是PICU住院时间>24小时的儿童。可靠性是通过Cronbach'sα测量的，通过相关分析，用总体护理满意度量表检验一致性效度。进行多元线性回归建模以确定与日本EMPATHIC-30的每个域相关的因素。
结果：共有163名父母参加（平均年龄：31.9±5.4岁；81%为母亲）。日本EMPATHIC-30的五个域具有较高的可靠性（α=0.87至0.97）和一致的效度，显示与护士（r=0.75）和医生（r=0.76）的总体满意度高度相关。多变量建模发现，选修录取，机械通气,和有成人重症监护病房家庭成员经历的父母在所有五个领域的满意度得分均较高（p<0.05）。此外，佛教徒在护理和治疗领域的满意度得分较高（p=0.03）。
结论：日本EMPATHIC-30问卷已经证明了足够的信度和效度。我们还确定了选修录取，机械通气,和以前有家庭成员的成人重症监护病房的经验是为所有满意度领域分配较高分数的因素。PICU的临床医生需要意识到道德，文化,与危重儿童及其家庭有关的宗教因素。
目的：本研究的目的是翻译，文化适应,并验证日本EMPATHIC-30问卷，并确定以家庭为中心的护理满意度的潜在因素。
方法：我们通过“良好实践原则”概述的10步过程，对患者报告的结果测量进行了翻译和调整。日本的四个儿科PICU参与了验证研究，父母的入学标准是PICU住院时间>24小时的儿童。可靠性是通过Cronbach'sα测量的，通过相关分析，用总体护理满意度量表检验一致性效度。进行多元线性回归建模以确定与日本EMPATHIC-30的每个域相关的因素。
结果：共有163名父母参加（平均年龄：31.9±5.4岁；81%为母亲）。日本EMPATHIC-30的五个域具有较高的可靠性（α=0.87至0.97）和一致的效度，显示与护士（r=0.75）和医生（r=0.76）的总体满意度高度相关。多变量建模发现，选修录取，机械通气,和有成人重症监护病房家庭成员经历的父母在所有五个领域的满意度得分均较高（p<0.05）。此外，佛教徒在护理和治疗领域的满意度得分较高（p=0.03）。
结论：日本EMPATHIC-30问卷已经证明了足够的信度和效度。我们还确定了选修录取，机械通气,和以前有家庭成员的成人重症监护病房的经验是为所有满意度领域分配较高分数的因素。PICU的临床医生需要意识到道德，文化,与危重儿童及其家庭有关的宗教因素。
