Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To develop a patient, assessment, situation, safety concerns, background, action, recommendation (PASS-BAR) handoff training program and compare the educational effects of the program between simulation-based (experimental group) and case-based (control group) groups using repeated measures among new nurses.
BACKGROUND: New nurses are not well prepared to provide clear handoff reports because nursing schools and healthcare institutions rarely offer structured programs or training for handoff communication practices.
METHODS: This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with repeated measures with two non-randomized groups.
METHODS: This study targeted new nurses with less than 12 months of experience and was conducted at a university hospital\'s clinical nursing education center in Seoul, South Korea, between September 2022 and April 2023. Seventeen participants were allocated to the experimental group and 17 participants to the control group. Both groups were given lectures and exercises for both scenarios. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on nursing handoff competency, handover performance competency and perceived self-efficacy of handoff at pre- and posttest and two weeks after training. Satisfaction with learning was measured after the intervention.
RESULTS: We developed a simulation-based learning handoff program that includes a simulated handoff performance and debriefing and a case-based learning handoff program that includes discussion, handoff performance and feedback. This study found no immediate difference in the educational effect of PASS-BAR handoff training between simulation-based learning and case-based learning; however, over time, simulation-based learning was more effective than case-based learning in improving nursing handoff competency and handover performance competency.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, a simulation-based handoff training program using PASS-BAR can enhance handoff competencies and help new nurses strengthen their communication skills to understand patients and convey important information.
CONCLUSIONS: Developing a simulation-based handoff training program using PASS-BAR helps nurses strengthen their communication skills with colleagues.
BACKGROUND: New nurses are not well prepared to provide clear handoff reports because nursing schools and healthcare institutions rarely offer structured programs or training for handoff communication practices.
METHODS: This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with repeated measures with two non-randomized groups.
METHODS: This study targeted new nurses with less than 12 months of experience and was conducted at a university hospital\'s clinical nursing education center in Seoul, South Korea, between September 2022 and April 2023. Seventeen participants were allocated to the experimental group and 17 participants to the control group. Both groups were given lectures and exercises for both scenarios. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on nursing handoff competency, handover performance competency and perceived self-efficacy of handoff at pre- and posttest and two weeks after training. Satisfaction with learning was measured after the intervention.
RESULTS: We developed a simulation-based learning handoff program that includes a simulated handoff performance and debriefing and a case-based learning handoff program that includes discussion, handoff performance and feedback. This study found no immediate difference in the educational effect of PASS-BAR handoff training between simulation-based learning and case-based learning; however, over time, simulation-based learning was more effective than case-based learning in improving nursing handoff competency and handover performance competency.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, a simulation-based handoff training program using PASS-BAR can enhance handoff competencies and help new nurses strengthen their communication skills to understand patients and convey important information.
CONCLUSIONS: Developing a simulation-based handoff training program using PASS-BAR helps nurses strengthen their communication skills with colleagues.
摘要：
目的：发展患者，评估，情况,安全问题,背景,行动,推荐（PASS-BAR）切换培训计划，并在新护士中使用重复措施比较基于模拟（实验组）和基于病例（对照组）的计划的教育效果。
背景：新护士没有做好准备提供明确的移交报告，因为护理学校和医疗保健机构很少为移交沟通实践提供结构化的计划或培训。
方法：本研究采用前测-后测准实验设计，对两个非随机组进行重复测量。
方法：本研究针对经验少于12个月的新护士，在首尔一所大学医院的临床护理教育中心进行，韩国,2022年9月至2023年4月。17名参与者被分配到实验组，17名参与者被分配到对照组。两组都接受了两种情况的讲座和练习。参与者被要求填写一份关于护理交接能力的问卷，在测试前和测试后以及培训后两周的移交绩效能力和感知的移交自我效能感。干预后测量学习满意度。
结果：我们开发了基于模拟的学习切换程序，其中包括模拟切换性能和汇报以及基于案例的学习切换程序，其中包括讨论，切换性能和反馈。这项研究发现，在基于模拟的学习和基于案例的学习之间，PASS-BAR切换训练的教育效果没有直接差异；但是，随着时间的推移,在提高护理交接能力和交接绩效能力方面，基于模拟的学习比基于案例的学习更有效。
结论：根据本研究的结果，使用PASS-BAR的基于模拟的切换培训计划可以增强切换能力,并帮助新护士加强沟通技巧,以了解患者和传达重要信息.
结论：使用PASS-BAR开发基于模拟的切换培训计划有助于护士加强与同事的沟通技巧。
背景：新护士没有做好准备提供明确的移交报告，因为护理学校和医疗保健机构很少为移交沟通实践提供结构化的计划或培训。
方法：本研究采用前测-后测准实验设计，对两个非随机组进行重复测量。
方法：本研究针对经验少于12个月的新护士，在首尔一所大学医院的临床护理教育中心进行，韩国,2022年9月至2023年4月。17名参与者被分配到实验组，17名参与者被分配到对照组。两组都接受了两种情况的讲座和练习。参与者被要求填写一份关于护理交接能力的问卷，在测试前和测试后以及培训后两周的移交绩效能力和感知的移交自我效能感。干预后测量学习满意度。
结果：我们开发了基于模拟的学习切换程序，其中包括模拟切换性能和汇报以及基于案例的学习切换程序，其中包括讨论，切换性能和反馈。这项研究发现，在基于模拟的学习和基于案例的学习之间，PASS-BAR切换训练的教育效果没有直接差异；但是，随着时间的推移,在提高护理交接能力和交接绩效能力方面，基于模拟的学习比基于案例的学习更有效。
结论：根据本研究的结果，使用PASS-BAR的基于模拟的切换培训计划可以增强切换能力,并帮助新护士加强沟通技巧,以了解患者和传达重要信息.
结论：使用PASS-BAR开发基于模拟的切换培训计划有助于护士加强与同事的沟通技巧。
