Abstract：
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guided by ultrasound (US) has emerged as a highly precise diagnostic method for managing thyroid nodules, significantly diminishing unnecessary surgeries. The effectiveness of US-guided FNA is high when a single specialist performs the FNA procedure and the microscopy. This paradigm has paved the way for the evolution of interventional cytopathology, a specialist with a pivotal role in the preoperative diagnostic process, encompassing patient history review, clinical examination, FNA execution under US guidance, preparation, and microscopic interpretation of cytological samples. As the landscape of precision medicine unfolds, molecular testing assumes greater importance in thyroid cytopathology, particularly in refining the risk of malignancy for indeterminate nodules. The updated Bethesda classification system underscores the clinical significance of molecular tests, emphasizing their role in refining diagnostic accuracy. With this evolving landscape, interventional cytopathologists must adapt by acquiring expertise in molecular technologies and addressing ongoing challenges in workflow harmonization and optimization. This paper delves into our decade-long experience as interventional cytopathologists, focusing on recent endeavours to ensure adequate samples not only for microscopic diagnosis but also for molecular testing. Additionally, here we review the challenges of integrating next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology into clinical practice, highlighting the importance of integrating clinically meaningful molecular data into comprehensive molecular cytology reports.
摘要：
超声（US）引导下的细针抽吸（FNA）已成为一种高度精确的甲状腺结节诊断方法。大大减少不必要的手术。当单个专家执行FNA程序和显微镜检查时，美国指导的FNA的有效性很高。这种模式为介入性细胞病理学的发展铺平了道路，在术前诊断过程中起关键作用的专家，包括患者病史回顾，临床检查,在美国指导下执行FNA，准备,和细胞学样品的显微解释。随着精准医学的发展，分子检测在甲状腺细胞病理学中具有更大的重要性，特别是在改善不确定结节的恶性肿瘤风险方面。更新的Bethesda分类系统强调了分子检测的临床意义，强调它们在提高诊断准确性方面的作用。随着这个不断变化的景观，介入细胞病理学家必须通过获得分子技术方面的专业知识并解决工作流程协调和优化方面的持续挑战来适应。本文深入研究了我们作为介入细胞病理学家长达十年的经验，专注于最近的努力，以确保足够的样本不仅用于显微镜诊断，而且用于分子检测。此外,在这里，我们回顾了将下一代测序（NGS）技术整合到临床实践中的挑战，强调将临床上有意义的分子数据整合到全面的分子细胞学报告中的重要性。
