PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study investigates individual performance adaptations on 2 years of training between European Aerobics Championships. An elite, 22-year-old aerobic gymnast performed postural coordination test, Y-Balance test, squat and countermovement jumps, 60 s test of repeated jumps, an isokinetic leg muscle strength test, and the Wingate test. Postural stability and flexibility improved in terms of increased distance achieved in the Y-Balance test in the anterior (by 6.3%), posteromedial (by 2%), and posterolateral (by 4.8%) directions. Lower limb muscular endurance also increased, which can be corroborated by a reduced fatigue index in the 60 s test of repeated jumps (from 42% to 27% after the 1st and to 22% after the 2nd year of training). In addition, mean power increased during dominant (by 23.2% at 60°/s and by 18.5% at 180°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 4.9% at 180°/s and by 15.5% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 2.0% at 60°/s and by 6.9% at 300°/s). Similarly, peak torque/body weight ratio increased during dominant (by 24.9% at 60°/s, by 11.5% at 180°/s, and by 2.1% at 300°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 0.5% at 60°/s and by 6.4% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 1.7% at 60°/s and by 5.4% at 300°/s). However, 2 years of training failed to show any significant improvements in the explosive power of lower limbs and anaerobic performance. These findings indicate that general aerobic gymnastics training without any specific inputs leads to performance adaptation, namely, in abilities closely related to competition routine (dynamic balance and strength endurance of lower limbs).
摘要：
这项研究调查了欧洲健美操锦标赛之间2年训练的个人表现适应性。精英，22岁的有氧体操运动员进行了姿势协调测试，Y-平衡测试,蹲下和反向跳跃，60秒的重复跳跃测试，等速腿部肌肉力量测试,和温盖特测试。在前部的Y-Balance测试中获得的距离增加（6.3％），姿势稳定性和柔韧性得到改善。后内侧(2%)，和后外侧(4.8%)方向。下肢肌肉耐力也增加，在重复跳跃的60s测试中，疲劳指数降低可以证实这一点（从第1年后的42％到27％，到第2年后的22％）。此外,在优势（60°/s时增加23.2％，180°/s时增加18.5％）和非优势腿伸展（180°/s时增加4.9％，300°/s时增加15.5％），加上优势腿屈曲（在60°/s时下降2.0％，在300°/s时下降6.9％）。同样，主导期间的峰值扭矩/车身重量比增加(60°/s时增加24.9%，在180°/s时增加11.5%，在300°/s时增加2.1％）和非优势腿伸展（在60°/s时增加0.5％，在300°/s时增加6.4％），加上优势腿屈曲（在60°/s时下降1.7％，在300°/s时下降5.4％）。然而,2年的训练未能显示出下肢爆发力和无氧性能的显着改善。这些发现表明，没有任何特定输入的一般有氧体操训练会导致表现适应，即,与比赛常规密切相关的能力（下肢的动态平衡和力量耐力）。
