Abstract：
In humans and other adult mammals, axon regeneration is difficult in axotomized neurons. Therefore, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to permanent loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration in vertebrates are not very well understood, and currently, no effective treatment is available for SCI. In striking contrast to adult mammals, many nonmammalian vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes and lampreys can spontaneously resume locomotion even after complete SCI. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable information on SCI. In this review, we aimed to provide a comparison of axon regeneration process across classical model organisms, focusing on crucial genes and signalling pathways that play significant roles in the regeneration of individually identifiable descending neurons after SCI. Considering the special evolutionary location and powerful regenerative ability of lamprey and zebrafish, they will be the key model organisms for ongoing studies on spinal cord regeneration. Detailed study of SCI in these model organisms will help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuron regeneration across species.
摘要：
在人类和其他成年哺乳动物中，轴突再生是困难的神经元。因此,脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种破坏性事件，可导致运动和感觉功能的永久性丧失。此外，脊椎动物轴突再生的分子机制还不是很清楚，目前,对于SCI没有有效的治疗方法.与成年哺乳动物形成鲜明对比的是，许多非哺乳动物脊椎动物，如爬行动物，两栖动物,即使在完全SCI后，硬骨鱼和七叶鱼也可以自发恢复运动。近年来,下一代测序技术的快速发展为SCI提供了有价值的信息.在这次审查中,我们的目的是提供跨经典模型生物轴突再生过程的比较，重点关注在SCI后单个可识别的下降神经元再生中起重要作用的关键基因和信号通路。考虑到七匙鱼和斑马鱼特殊的进化位置和强大的再生能力，它们将是正在进行的脊髓再生研究的关键模式生物。在这些模型生物中详细研究SCI将有助于阐明跨物种神经元再生的分子机制。
