Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population-specific reference intervals (RIs) for neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in Pakistani neonates, utilising the refineR algorithm.
METHODS: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from 17th May to 30th November 2023.
METHODS: A data mining analysis was conducted on serum TSH results of neonates (≤1 month) over a period of six years, following approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee. Two subgroups were assessed based on the age as 0 - 5 days and 6 - 30 days. The refineR algorithm was implemented using refineR package (version 1.0.0), ensuring accurate analysis and insights.
RESULTS: A total of non-duplicate 82,299 neonatal serum TSH tests were retrieved, including 70,788 (88%) aged 0 - 5 days and 11,511 (12%) aged ranging from 6 - 30 days. The estimated RI was from 0.67 µIU/mL (90% CI 0.641 - 0.72) to 15.0 µIU/mL (90% CI 13.2 - 17.3) for the first age group and 0.65 µIU/mL (90% CI 0.6 - 0.84) to 8.6 µIU/mL (90% CI 8.05 - 9.71) for the second age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Reference intervals for neonatal serum TSH of the Pakistani population were estimated, considering the genetic differences of this demographic in comparison to the Western population. Results aligned with global literature, validating the refineR indirect approach\'s applicability.
BACKGROUND: Reference intervals, Neonatal, Thyroid stimulating hormone, RefineR algorithm, Big data, Pakistan.
METHODS: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from 17th May to 30th November 2023.
METHODS: A data mining analysis was conducted on serum TSH results of neonates (≤1 month) over a period of six years, following approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee. Two subgroups were assessed based on the age as 0 - 5 days and 6 - 30 days. The refineR algorithm was implemented using refineR package (version 1.0.0), ensuring accurate analysis and insights.
RESULTS: A total of non-duplicate 82,299 neonatal serum TSH tests were retrieved, including 70,788 (88%) aged 0 - 5 days and 11,511 (12%) aged ranging from 6 - 30 days. The estimated RI was from 0.67 µIU/mL (90% CI 0.641 - 0.72) to 15.0 µIU/mL (90% CI 13.2 - 17.3) for the first age group and 0.65 µIU/mL (90% CI 0.6 - 0.84) to 8.6 µIU/mL (90% CI 8.05 - 9.71) for the second age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Reference intervals for neonatal serum TSH of the Pakistani population were estimated, considering the genetic differences of this demographic in comparison to the Western population. Results aligned with global literature, validating the refineR indirect approach\'s applicability.
BACKGROUND: Reference intervals, Neonatal, Thyroid stimulating hormone, RefineR algorithm, Big data, Pakistan.
摘要：
目的：评估巴基斯坦新生儿促甲状腺激素（TSH）的特定人群参考间隔（RIs），利用细化算法。
方法：观察性研究。研究的地点和持续时间：病理学和实验室医学系，阿加汗大学医院，卡拉奇,巴基斯坦,2023年5月17日至11月30日。
方法:对新生儿(≤1个月)6年的血清TSH结果进行数据挖掘分析,在机构伦理审查委员会批准后。根据年龄为0-5天和6-30天评估两个亚组。refieR算法是使用refieR包（版本1.0.0）实现的，确保准确的分析和见解。
结果：共检索到82,299份新生儿血清TSH检测，包括年龄在0-5天的70,788（88%）和年龄在6-30天的11,511（12%）。第一年龄组的估计RI为0.67µIU/mL（90％CI0.641-0.72）至15.0µIU/mL（90％CI13.2-17.3），第二年龄组为0.65µIU/mL（90％CI0.6-0.84）至8.6µIU/mL（90％CI8.05-9.71）。
结论：估计了巴基斯坦人群新生儿血清TSH的参考间隔，考虑到这种人口与西方人口的遗传差异。结果与全球文献一致，验证精炼间接方法的适用性。
背景：参考间隔，新生儿,促甲状腺激素,RefineR算法，大数据,巴基斯坦。
方法：观察性研究。研究的地点和持续时间：病理学和实验室医学系，阿加汗大学医院，卡拉奇,巴基斯坦,2023年5月17日至11月30日。
方法:对新生儿(≤1个月)6年的血清TSH结果进行数据挖掘分析,在机构伦理审查委员会批准后。根据年龄为0-5天和6-30天评估两个亚组。refieR算法是使用refieR包（版本1.0.0）实现的，确保准确的分析和见解。
结果：共检索到82,299份新生儿血清TSH检测，包括年龄在0-5天的70,788（88%）和年龄在6-30天的11,511（12%）。第一年龄组的估计RI为0.67µIU/mL（90％CI0.641-0.72）至15.0µIU/mL（90％CI13.2-17.3），第二年龄组为0.65µIU/mL（90％CI0.6-0.84）至8.6µIU/mL（90％CI8.05-9.71）。
结论：估计了巴基斯坦人群新生儿血清TSH的参考间隔，考虑到这种人口与西方人口的遗传差异。结果与全球文献一致，验证精炼间接方法的适用性。
背景：参考间隔，新生儿,促甲状腺激素,RefineR算法，大数据,巴基斯坦。
