RESULTS: Our results reveal that nORFs tend to be preferentially coexpressed with genes involved in cellular transport or homeostasis but rarely with genes involved in RNA processing. Mechanistically, we discover that young de novo nORFs located downstream of conserved genes tend to leverage their neighbors\' promoters through transcription readthrough, resulting in high coexpression and high expression levels. Transcriptional piggybacking also influences the coexpression profiles of young de novo nORFs located upstream of genes, but to a lesser extent and without detectable impact on expression levels. Transcriptional piggybacking influences, but does not determine, the transcription profiles of de novo nORFs emerging nearby genes. About 40% of nORFs are not strongly coexpressed with any gene but are transcriptionally regulated nonetheless and tend to form entirely new transcription modules. We offer a web browser interface ( https://carvunislab.csb.pitt.edu/shiny/coexpression/ ) to efficiently query, visualize, and download our coexpression inferences.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nORF transcription is highly regulated. Our coexpression dataset serves as an unprecedented resource for unraveling how nORFs integrate into cellular networks, contribute to cellular phenotypes, and evolve.
结果:我们的结果表明,nORFs倾向于优先与参与细胞运输或稳态的基因共表达,但很少与参与RNA加工的基因共表达。机械上,我们发现位于保守基因下游的年轻denovonORF倾向于通过转录通读来利用它们的邻居\'启动子,导致高共表达和高表达水平。转录搭载还影响位于基因上游的年轻从头nORF的共表达谱,但程度较小,对表达水平没有可检测的影响。转录搭载影响,但不能确定,附近基因出现的从头nORF的转录谱。大约40%的nORFs不与任何基因强烈共表达,但仍然受到转录调节,并且倾向于形成全新的转录模块。我们提供Web浏览器界面(https://carvunislab。csb.皮特.edu/shiny/coexpression/)以高效查询,可视化,并下载我们的coexpression推论。
结论:我们的结果表明nORF转录受到高度调控。我们的共表达数据集是前所未有的资源,用于揭示nORF如何集成到蜂窝网络中,有助于细胞表型,和进化。