PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Aging is the greatest risk factor for chronic human diseases, including many eye diseases. Geroscience aims to understand the effects of the aging process on these diseases, including the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of disease over the lifetime. Understanding of the aging eye increases general knowledge of the cellular physiology impacted by aging processes at various biological extremes. Two major diseases, age-related cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are caused by dysfunction of the lens and retina, respectively. Lens transparency and light refraction are mediated by lens fiber cells lacking nuclei and other organelles, which provides a unique opportunity to study a single aging hallmark, i.e., loss of proteostasis, within an environment of limited metabolism. In AMD, local dysfunction of the photoreceptors/retinal pigmented epithelium/Bruch\'s membrane/choriocapillaris complex in the macula leads to the loss of photoreceptors and eventually loss of central vision, and is driven by nearly all the hallmarks of aging and shares features with Alzheimer\'s disease, Parkinson\'s disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The aging eye can function as a model for studying basic mechanisms of aging and, vice versa, well-defined hallmarks of aging can be used as tools to understand age-related eye disease.
摘要：
衰老是人类慢性病的最大危险因素,包括许多眼部疾病。Geroscience旨在了解衰老过程对这些疾病的影响，包括遗传，分子，和细胞机制是一生中疾病风险增加的基础。对老化眼睛的了解增加了对各种生物学极端情况下老化过程影响的细胞生理学的一般知识。两大疾病,年龄相关性白内障和年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是由晶状体和视网膜功能障碍引起的，分别。晶状体透明度和光折射是由缺乏细胞核和其他细胞器的晶状体纤维细胞介导的，这提供了一个独特的机会来研究单一的衰老标志，即，失去了蛋白质，在有限的新陈代谢环境中。在AMD中，黄斑中光感受器/视网膜色素上皮/布鲁赫膜/脉络膜复合体的局部功能障碍导致光感受器的丧失，并最终导致中心视力丧失。并且是由几乎所有的衰老标志驱动的，并且与阿尔茨海默病具有共同的特征，帕金森病,心血管疾病,和糖尿病。衰老的眼睛可以作为研究衰老的基本机制的模型，反之亦然,明确定义的衰老标志可以用作了解与年龄有关的眼病的工具。
