Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Research on heterogeneous pathways in school-to-work transitions (SWT), particularly longitudinal research, has been limited, as have empirical studies examining effective interventions for facilitating multiple SWT pathways among non-engaged youth (NEY), who are generally at risk of being not in education, employment, or training (NEET).
METHODS: To develop a typology of SWT pathways, we conducted sequence analysis with longitudinal data from a sample of 630 NEY aged 14-29 (M = 19.78; 63.65% males) in Hong Kong during a 22-month period beginning in September 2020. We also performed multinomial logistic regressions to assess the impact of career and life development (CLD) interventions on SWT outcomes.
RESULTS: Our analysis yielded a fivefold typology of SWT pathways: the Employment/Entrepreneurship cluster (31.27%), the Vocational Education and Training cluster (13.49%), the Generic Education cluster (16.83%), the Serious Leisure Development cluster (15.24%), and the long-term NEET cluster (23.17%). NEY in the intervention group receiving CLD services, inspired by the expanded notion of work (ENOW) and youth development and intervention framework (YDIF), demonstrated significantly higher likelihoods of being in the Employment/Entrepreneurship (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [10.53, 105.08]), Generic Education (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.81, 7.74]), Vocational Education and Training (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.05, 6.26]), and Serious Leisure Development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.04, 4.46]) clusters than the long-term NEET cluster.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the dynamic, heterogeneous nature of NEY\'s CLD journeys, including that CLD interventions based on ENOW-YDIF have had a beneficial effect on NEY\'s multiple SWT pathways.
METHODS: To develop a typology of SWT pathways, we conducted sequence analysis with longitudinal data from a sample of 630 NEY aged 14-29 (M = 19.78; 63.65% males) in Hong Kong during a 22-month period beginning in September 2020. We also performed multinomial logistic regressions to assess the impact of career and life development (CLD) interventions on SWT outcomes.
RESULTS: Our analysis yielded a fivefold typology of SWT pathways: the Employment/Entrepreneurship cluster (31.27%), the Vocational Education and Training cluster (13.49%), the Generic Education cluster (16.83%), the Serious Leisure Development cluster (15.24%), and the long-term NEET cluster (23.17%). NEY in the intervention group receiving CLD services, inspired by the expanded notion of work (ENOW) and youth development and intervention framework (YDIF), demonstrated significantly higher likelihoods of being in the Employment/Entrepreneurship (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [10.53, 105.08]), Generic Education (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.81, 7.74]), Vocational Education and Training (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.05, 6.26]), and Serious Leisure Development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.04, 4.46]) clusters than the long-term NEET cluster.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the dynamic, heterogeneous nature of NEY\'s CLD journeys, including that CLD interventions based on ENOW-YDIF have had a beneficial effect on NEY\'s multiple SWT pathways.
摘要：
背景：关于学校到工作过渡（SWT）中异质途径的研究，特别是纵向研究，是有限的,正如有实证研究一样，研究有效的干预措施，以促进非参与青年(NEY)中的多种SWT途径，他们通常有不接受教育的风险，employment,或培训（NEET）。
方法：为了开发SWT途径的类型学，我们对从2020年9月开始的22个月期间,来自香港年龄为14~29岁的630个NEY(M=19.78;63.65%为男性)的样本的纵向数据进行了序列分析.我们还进行了多项逻辑回归，以评估职业和生活发展（CLD）干预对SWT结果的影响。
结果：我们的分析得出了SWT途径的五倍类型：就业/创业集群（31.27%），职业教育及培训组(13.49%),普通教育集群(16.83%)，严重休闲发展集群(15.24%)，和长期NEET集群（23.17%）。接受CLD服务的干预组中的NEY，受扩大的工作概念(ENOW)和青年发展与干预框架(YDIF)的启发，表现出显著更高的就业/创业可能性(OR=34.5，95%CI[10.53，105.08])，普通教育(OR=3.74，95%CI[1.81，7.74])，职业教育和培训(OR=1.55，95%CI[1.05，6.26])，和严重休闲发展（OR=1.77，95%CI[1.04，4.46]）集群比长期NEET集群。
结论：我们的发现强调了动态，NEY的CLD旅程的异质性，包括基于ENOW-YDIF的CLD干预对NEY的多个SWT通路有有益作用。
方法：为了开发SWT途径的类型学，我们对从2020年9月开始的22个月期间,来自香港年龄为14~29岁的630个NEY(M=19.78;63.65%为男性)的样本的纵向数据进行了序列分析.我们还进行了多项逻辑回归，以评估职业和生活发展（CLD）干预对SWT结果的影响。
结果：我们的分析得出了SWT途径的五倍类型：就业/创业集群（31.27%），职业教育及培训组(13.49%),普通教育集群(16.83%)，严重休闲发展集群(15.24%)，和长期NEET集群（23.17%）。接受CLD服务的干预组中的NEY，受扩大的工作概念(ENOW)和青年发展与干预框架(YDIF)的启发，表现出显著更高的就业/创业可能性(OR=34.5，95%CI[10.53，105.08])，普通教育(OR=3.74，95%CI[1.81，7.74])，职业教育和培训(OR=1.55，95%CI[1.05，6.26])，和严重休闲发展（OR=1.77，95%CI[1.04，4.46]）集群比长期NEET集群。
结论：我们的发现强调了动态，NEY的CLD旅程的异质性，包括基于ENOW-YDIF的CLD干预对NEY的多个SWT通路有有益作用。
