Abstract：
Nerves and blood vessels must be protected during brain tumor surgery, which has traditionally relied on microscopes. In the 2000s, endoscopes and related equipment were developed for neurosurgery. In this review, we aim to outline the role of endoscopes in brain tumor surgery and discuss the emerging use of exoscopes. The primary use of endoscopes in brain tumor surgery is in endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary tumors. By using the space within the sphenoid sinus, surgeons can insert an endoscope and instruments such as forceps or scissors through the nose to access and remove the tumor. Compared to microscopes, endoscopes can get closer to tumors, nerves, and blood vessels. They enable wide-angle observation of the skull base, making them valuable for skull base tumors as well as pituitary tumors. Endoscopes are also used in cases where a brain tumor is associated with hydrocephalus, allowing surgeons to correct obstructive hydrocephalus and perform tumor biopsies simultaneously. Exoscopy, a newer technique introduced in recent years, involves surgeons wearing special glasses and removing the tumor while viewing a three-dimensional monitor. This approach reduces surgeon fatigue and allows for more natural positioning during lengthy brain tumor surgeries. Future brain tumor surgeries will likely involve robotic surgery, which is already used for other organs. This is expected to make brain tumor removal safer and more accurate.
摘要：
脑肿瘤手术期间必须保护神经和血管，传统上依赖显微镜。在2000年代，内窥镜和相关设备是为神经外科开发的。在这次审查中,我们的目的是概述内窥镜在脑肿瘤手术中的作用，并讨论检查镜的新兴应用。内窥镜在脑肿瘤手术中的主要用途是用于垂体肿瘤的鼻内镜手术。通过利用蝶窦内的空间，外科医生可以通过鼻子插入内窥镜和诸如镊子或剪刀之类的器械以进入和移除肿瘤。与显微镜相比，内窥镜可以更接近肿瘤，神经,和血管。它们可以广角观察颅底，使它们对颅底肿瘤和垂体肿瘤有价值。内窥镜也用于脑肿瘤与脑积水相关的情况。允许外科医生纠正梗阻性脑积水并同时进行肿瘤活检。检查,近年来引入的一种新技术，涉及外科医生戴着特殊眼镜，在观察三维监视器的同时切除肿瘤。这种方法减少了外科医生的疲劳，并在漫长的脑肿瘤手术中允许更自然的定位。未来的脑肿瘤手术可能会涉及机器人手术，已经用于其他器官。这有望使脑肿瘤切除更安全，更准确。
