PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This observational study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation and ad libitum caffeine consumption on cognitive performance, risk behavior, and mood among 28 Israeli Special Forces (SF) soldiers (mean age: 20.57 ± 0.92 years) during a 96-hour combat exercise.
UNASSIGNED: Actigraphy was used to monitor sleep and activity; cognitive function, risk-taking propensity, mood states, and self-reported sleepiness were assessed using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), Evaluation of Risks Scale (EVAR), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS); and caffeine consumption by questionnaire at 0, 50, and 96 hours. For analyses, participants were divided into Low (<400 mg) and High (≥400 mg) caffeine consumption groups.
UNASSIGNED: The soldiers hiked 108.5 ± 0.52 km and slept for 12.7 ± 0.5 h, with a notable transition from multiple short sleep epochs in the initial 50 hours to a consolidated 5-hour sleep period subsequently. In the High caffeine group, PVT reaction time was faster (p = 0.024) compared to the Low caffeine group, with fewer premature response errors (p = 0.026). However, this group showed increased risk-taking (p = 0.037), particularly reduced Self-Control (p = 0.010). No significant impact of ad libitum caffeine intake on mood was observed. However, degradation over the course of the exercise in both groups in mood states, including anger, fatigue, tension, and vigor, was noted (p < 0.05). KSS scores increased significantly at 50 and 96 h (p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: These results suggest that while caffeine enhances cognitive function, its ad libitum consumption did not consistently improve these measures in this cohort of SF soldiers. The study highlights the complex relationship between sleep deprivation and caffeine intake and their combined effects on soldiers\' cognitive and behavioral functions, indicating a need for evidence-based caffeine use guidelines for using caffeine in military settings.
UNASSIGNED: Actigraphy was used to monitor sleep and activity; cognitive function, risk-taking propensity, mood states, and self-reported sleepiness were assessed using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), Evaluation of Risks Scale (EVAR), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS); and caffeine consumption by questionnaire at 0, 50, and 96 hours. For analyses, participants were divided into Low (<400 mg) and High (≥400 mg) caffeine consumption groups.
UNASSIGNED: The soldiers hiked 108.5 ± 0.52 km and slept for 12.7 ± 0.5 h, with a notable transition from multiple short sleep epochs in the initial 50 hours to a consolidated 5-hour sleep period subsequently. In the High caffeine group, PVT reaction time was faster (p = 0.024) compared to the Low caffeine group, with fewer premature response errors (p = 0.026). However, this group showed increased risk-taking (p = 0.037), particularly reduced Self-Control (p = 0.010). No significant impact of ad libitum caffeine intake on mood was observed. However, degradation over the course of the exercise in both groups in mood states, including anger, fatigue, tension, and vigor, was noted (p < 0.05). KSS scores increased significantly at 50 and 96 h (p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: These results suggest that while caffeine enhances cognitive function, its ad libitum consumption did not consistently improve these measures in this cohort of SF soldiers. The study highlights the complex relationship between sleep deprivation and caffeine intake and their combined effects on soldiers\' cognitive and behavioral functions, indicating a need for evidence-based caffeine use guidelines for using caffeine in military settings.
摘要：
■这项观察性研究调查了睡眠剥夺和随意摄入咖啡因对认知能力的影响，风险行为，在96小时的战斗演习中，28名以色列特种部队（SF）士兵（平均年龄：20.57±0.92岁）的情绪。
■活动图用于监测睡眠和活动；认知功能，冒险倾向，情绪状态，使用精神运动警惕任务（PVT）评估自我报告的嗜睡，风险量表(EVAR)评估，情绪状态简介(POMS)，卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表（KSS）；以及0、50和96小时的咖啡因摄入量。对于分析，参与者分为低(<400mg)和高(≥400mg)咖啡因摄入组.
■士兵徒步108.5±0.52公里，睡了12.7±0.5小时，从最初的50小时内的多个短睡眠时期到随后的合并的5小时睡眠时期的显着过渡。在高咖啡因组，与低咖啡因组相比，PVT反应时间更快（p=0.024），与较少的过早反应错误（p=0.026）。然而,该组显示风险增加（p=0.037），特别是减少自我控制（p=0.010）。没有观察到随意摄入咖啡因对情绪的显著影响。然而,在运动过程中，两组的情绪状态都会退化，包括愤怒,疲劳,紧张,和活力，注意到（p<0.05）。KSS评分在50和96h时显著增加(p<0.001)。
■这些结果表明，虽然咖啡因可以增强认知功能，在这一SF士兵队列中,其随意消费并未持续改善这些指标.该研究强调了睡眠剥夺和咖啡因摄入之间的复杂关系，以及它们对士兵的认知和行为功能的综合影响。这表明需要在军事环境中使用咖啡因的循证咖啡因使用指南。
■活动图用于监测睡眠和活动；认知功能，冒险倾向，情绪状态，使用精神运动警惕任务（PVT）评估自我报告的嗜睡，风险量表(EVAR)评估，情绪状态简介(POMS)，卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表（KSS）；以及0、50和96小时的咖啡因摄入量。对于分析，参与者分为低(<400mg)和高(≥400mg)咖啡因摄入组.
■士兵徒步108.5±0.52公里，睡了12.7±0.5小时，从最初的50小时内的多个短睡眠时期到随后的合并的5小时睡眠时期的显着过渡。在高咖啡因组，与低咖啡因组相比，PVT反应时间更快（p=0.024），与较少的过早反应错误（p=0.026）。然而,该组显示风险增加（p=0.037），特别是减少自我控制（p=0.010）。没有观察到随意摄入咖啡因对情绪的显著影响。然而,在运动过程中，两组的情绪状态都会退化，包括愤怒,疲劳,紧张,和活力，注意到（p<0.05）。KSS评分在50和96h时显著增加(p<0.001)。
■这些结果表明，虽然咖啡因可以增强认知功能，在这一SF士兵队列中,其随意消费并未持续改善这些指标.该研究强调了睡眠剥夺和咖啡因摄入之间的复杂关系，以及它们对士兵的认知和行为功能的综合影响。这表明需要在军事环境中使用咖啡因的循证咖啡因使用指南。
