PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Food loss and waste (FLW) contains an abundance of nutrient components that can be extracted and converted into valuable bioproducts through biorefining (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutrients). Australia has identified bioproducts from a FLW feedstock as one avenue through which it can meet its commitment to UN Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3, aiming to halve food waste by 2030. An industry for bioproducts in Australia is, however, nascent and will require targeted and sustained policy intervention to advance in line with the production targets it has set to meet Target 12.3. The aim of this critical review is threefold. Firstly, it draws on the research literature to identify barriers to advancing a bioproduct industry from FLW. Secondly, it constructs a taxonomy of policies available to overcome these barriers and support industry development. Finally, it applies the taxonomy to established policy settings in Australia (examining both national settings and Queensland state settings) and the European Union (EU), where the industry and associated policy is more mature. Australia has few national policies directly targeting a bioproduct industry. A comparative assessment of policy settings allows this review to identify lessons Australia can draw from the EU experience as it advances its own industry. Findings demonstrate a complex and fragmented policy landscape. Key recommendations from the literature emphasise the need to establish coordinated strategic instruments; target research and development opportunities for optimised, sustainable processes; and implement appropriate incentives to establish a \'level playing field\', as technology readiness increases. The critical requirement for policy stability and coherence, flags the need to lay groundwork policy in this area as a priority.
摘要：
食物损失和废物（FLW）含有丰富的营养成分，可以通过生物精炼提取并转化为有价值的生物产品（例如，制药，化妆品,营养素）。澳大利亚已将来自FLW原料的生物产品确定为实现其对联合国可持续发展目标目标12.3的承诺的一种途径，该目标旨在到2030年将食物浪费减半。澳大利亚的生物制品行业是，然而,新生，将需要有针对性和持续的政策干预，以按照其设定的实现目标12.3的生产目标推进。这次批判性审查的目的有三个方面。首先,它借鉴了研究文献，以确定从FLW推进生物制品产业的障碍。其次,它构建了可用政策的分类法，以克服这些障碍并支持行业发展。最后,它将分类法应用于澳大利亚的既定政策设置（检查国家设置和昆士兰州设置）和欧盟（EU），其中行业及相关政策较为成熟。澳大利亚几乎没有直接针对生物产品行业的国家政策。对政策设置的比较评估使这项审查能够确定澳大利亚在发展自己的行业时可以从欧盟经验中汲取的教训。调查结果表明了一个复杂而分散的政策格局。文献中的主要建议强调需要建立协调的战略工具；目标研究和开发机会，可持续进程；并实施适当的激励措施，以建立“公平竞争环境”，随着技术准备的增加。政策稳定性和连贯性的关键要求，标志着需要在这一领域优先制定基础政策。
