PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long-term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.
摘要：
先天性心脏病（CHD）是心脏和/或大血管的结构异常，冠心病患者一生中各种疾病的风险增加，长期生存率降低。最终,CHD可能导致各种并发症，包括心力衰竭，心律失常,中风,肺炎,突然死亡。不幸的是,某些CHD的确切病因和病理生理学尚不清楚.尽管随着技术的进步，冠心病患者的生活质量和预后得到了显着改善，冠心病的影响是终身的，尤其是复杂的冠心病患者。因此，由于CHD的高患病率,其管理仍然是一个挑战.最后,国际准则之间在CHD方面存在一些分歧。在这次审查中,我们提供了最新的病理生理学，诊断,和最常见类型的冠心病的治疗，包括卵圆孔未闭,房间隔缺损,室间隔缺损,房室间隔缺损,动脉导管未闭,主动脉缩窄,大动脉转位,先天性矫正的大动脉转位,冠状动脉异常,左右心室流出道梗阻,法洛四联症和Ebstein异常。特别是,我们专注于这些领域已知的和未知的，旨在提高当前对各种类型冠心病的认识。
