PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Introduction: Physical exercise (PE) positively affects the nervous system, impacting morphology and physiology. It increases brain gray and white matter, improves cerebral blood flow, and stimulates neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, promoting brain function. Although exercise already affects cognition, some training modalities place greater demands on the cognitive aspects of physical exercise, such as perceptual-motor and visual-motor training. This type of approach aims to emphasize the cognitive adaptations that occur chronically. Specifically for older people, functional training, a multi-component approach, is a promising exercise modality that stimulates functionality using multi-joint, multi-planar exercises mirroring daily activities. However, applying a greater focus on cognitive adaptations in line with the functional training proposal for maximal benefits remains underexplored. Aim: Thus, this perspective article initially explores different exercise approaches emphasizing cognitive adaptations and proposes Brain Functional Training to improve older adult\'s functionality. Methods: Furthermore, we explain how brain functional training can be explored to emphasize cognitive aspects based on increasing complexity to stimulate the executive function and its subdomains. Conclusion: This proposal is one alternative to combining motor and cognitive stimuli to promote autonomy and health in older people.
摘要：
简介：体育锻炼（PE）积极影响神经系统，影响形态学和生理学。它会增加大脑灰质和白质，改善脑血流量，刺激神经发生，突触发生,和血管生成，促进大脑功能。虽然运动已经影响认知，一些训练方式对体育锻炼的认知方面提出了更高的要求，如知觉运动和视觉运动训练。这种方法旨在强调长期发生的认知适应。特别是对于老年人，功能训练,多成分方法，是一种有前途的锻炼方式，可以使用多关节刺激功能，反映日常活动的多平面练习。然而,根据功能训练建议，更多地关注认知适应以获得最大收益，但仍未得到充分的探索。目标：因此，这篇观点文章最初探讨了强调认知适应的不同运动方法，并提出了脑功能训练来改善老年人的功能。方法：此外，我们解释了如何探索脑功能训练，以强调认知方面的基础上增加的复杂性，以刺激执行功能及其子域。结论：该建议是结合运动和认知刺激以促进老年人的自主性和健康的一种替代方法。
