Abstract：
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based on various pathogenic symptoms and the \'golden chamber\' medical text, Huangdi Neijing, diabetes mellitus falls under the category \'collateral disease\'. TCM, with its wealth of experience, has been treating diabetes for over two millennia. Different antidiabetic Chinese herbal medicines reduce blood sugar, with their effective ingredients exerting unique advantages. As well as a glucose lowering effect, TCM also regulates bodily functions to prevent diabetes associated complications, with reduced side effects compared to western synthetic drugs. Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. These active ingredients reduce blood sugar via various mechanism of actions that include boosting endogenous insulin secretion, enhancing insulin sensitivity and adjusting key enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals. These actions regulate glycolipid metabolism in the body, eventually achieving the goal of normalizing blood glucose. Using different animal models, a number of molecular markers are available for the detection of diabetes induction and the molecular pathology of the disease is becoming clearer. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scientific data about the pharmacology, dose-effect relationship, and structure-activity relationship of TCM and its constituents. Further research into the efficacy, toxicity and mode of action of TCM, using different metabolic and molecular markers, is key to developing novel TCM antidiabetic formulations.
摘要：
在中医（TCM），根据各种致病症状和“黄金会议厅”医学文本，《黄帝内经》,糖尿病属于“附带疾病”类别。TCM,凭借其丰富的经验，已经治疗糖尿病两千多年了.不同的抗糖尿病中草药降低血糖，其有效成分发挥着独特的优势。除了降糖作用，中医还调节身体功能，以预防糖尿病相关并发症，与西方合成药物相比，副作用减少。中草药通常由多糖组成，皂苷,生物碱，黄酮类化合物，和萜类化合物.这些活性成分通过各种作用机制降低血糖，包括促进内源性胰岛素分泌，增强胰岛素敏感性，调节关键酶活性和清除自由基。这些作用调节体内的糖脂代谢，最终达到血糖正常化的目标。使用不同的动物模型，许多分子标志物可用于检测糖尿病诱导，并且该疾病的分子病理学变得越来越清晰。尽管如此，关于药理学的科学数据缺乏，剂量效应关系，中药及其成分的构效关系。对疗效的进一步研究，中药的毒性和作用方式，使用不同的代谢和分子标记，是开发新型中药抗糖尿病制剂的关键。
