Abstract：
The Mpox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of human Mpox disease - a debilitating rash illness similar to smallpox. Although Clade I MPXV has remained endemic to West and Central Africa, Clade II MPXV has been responsible for many outbreaks worldwide. The most recent outbreak in 2022 resulted from the rapid spread of a new clade of MPXV, classified into Clade IIb - a distinct lineage from the previously circulating viral strains. The rapid spread and increased severity of Mpox disease by the Clade IIb strain have raised the serious public health imperative of better understanding the host and viral determinants during MPXV infection. In addition to typical skin rashes, including in the periorbital area, MPXV causes moderate to severe ophthalmic manifestations - most commonly, ocular surface complications (e.g., keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis). While ocular manifestations of Clade I Mpox within the Congo basin have been well-reported, global incidence trends of ocular Mpox cases by Clade IIb are still emerging. Given the demonstrated ability of all MPXV strains to auto-inoculate ocular tissue, alongside the enhanced transmissibility of the Clade IIb virus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms by which MPXV causes ocular anomalies. In this review, we discuss the viral and genomic structures of MPXV, the epidemiology, and pathology of systemic and ocular Mpox, as well as potential prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
摘要：
水痘病毒（MPXV）是人类水痘疾病的病原体-一种类似于天花的衰弱性皮疹疾病。尽管CladeIMPXV仍然是西非和中非特有的，CladeIIMPXV在全球范围内造成了许多疫情。2022年的最新疫情是由于MPXV新进化枝的迅速传播，分类为分支IIb-与先前循环的病毒株不同的谱系。CladeIIb菌株引起的Mpox病的迅速传播和严重程度的增加已经提高了严重的公共卫生要求，即在MPXV感染期间更好地了解宿主和病毒决定簇。除了典型的皮疹,包括在眶周区域，MPXV引起中度至重度眼科表现-最常见，眼表并发症(例如，角膜炎,结膜炎,眼睑炎）。虽然刚果盆地内的CladeI型水痘的眼部表现已得到充分报道，CladeIIb眼痘病例的全球发病率趋势仍在出现。鉴于已证明所有MPXV毒株自动接种眼组织的能力以及CladeIIb病毒的传播性增强，迫切需要阐明MPXV引起眼部异常的机制.在这次审查中,我们讨论了MPXV的病毒和基因组结构，流行病学,全身和眼痘的病理学，以及潜在的预防和治疗干预措施。
