Abstract：
Ecotoxicological research has increasingly focused on the interactive effects of chemical mixtures on biological models, emphasising additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. However, these combination studies often test chemicals at unique concentrations (e.g. x:y), limiting our understanding of the effects across the full spectrum of possible combinations. Evidence from human toxicology suggests that interactive effects among chemicals can vary significantly with total concentration (e.g. x:y vs. 2x:2y), their ratio (e.g. x:2y vs. 2x:y), and the magnitude of the tested effect (e.g. LC10vs. LC50). Our non-exhaustive review of studies on binary mixtures in bee ecotoxicology reveals that such parameters are frequently neglected. Of the 60 studies we examined, only two utilised multiple total concentrations and ratios, thus exploring a broad range of possible combinations. In contrast, 26 studies tested only a single concentration of each chemical, resulting in incomplete interpretations of the potential interactive effects. Other studies utilised various concentrations and/or ratios but failed to capture a broad spectrum of possible combinations. We also discuss potential discrepancies in interactive effects based on different metrics and exposure designs. We advocate for future ecotoxicological studies to investigate a wider spectrum of chemical combinations, including various concentrations and ratios, and to address different levels of effects.
摘要：
生态毒理学研究越来越关注化学混合物对生物模型的相互作用。强调添加剂，协同，或拮抗相互作用。然而,这些组合研究通常测试独特浓度的化学物质(例如x:y)，限制了我们对整个可能组合的影响的理解。来自人类毒理学的证据表明，化学物质之间的相互作用效应可能会随着总浓度而显著变化(例如x:y与2x:2y),它们的比率(例如x:2y与2x:y),以及测试效果的大小(如LC10vs.LC50).我们对蜜蜂生态毒理学中二元混合物研究的非详尽综述表明，这些参数经常被忽略。在我们检查的60项研究中，只有两个使用了多个总浓度和比率，从而探索广泛的可能组合。相比之下,26项研究只测试了每种化学物质的单一浓度，导致对潜在交互效应的不完整解释。其他研究利用各种浓度和/或比率,但未能捕获广谱的可能组合。我们还讨论了基于不同度量和曝光设计的交互效果的潜在差异。我们提倡未来的生态毒理学研究，以研究更广泛的化学组合，包括各种浓度和比率，并解决不同程度的影响。
