Abstract：
Providing many millions of rural households with decentralized sanitation facilities remains challenging. In undeveloped areas, cesspools have still been widely used due to technologically simple and low-cost. However, the influence of cesspools on the surrounding soil remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of a 25-year-old household cesspool on soil physicochemical factors, microbial community composition and function, pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soil at the depth around the sewage liquid level (D70) was mostly disturbed where TOC, NO3-N and TP was increased to 16.8 g/kg, 18.2 mg/kg and 1.02 mg/kg respectively. Correspondingly, the element cycling genes of carbon fixation, methanotrophy, nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction etc., were increased at D70. Notably, human derived pathogens such as Enterobacter, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Prevotella, and Vibrio were highly enriched by 5-10 folders in D70, indicating the potential health risk to human. Mantel tests suggested that EC, TP, pH, NH3-N and particularly NO3-N are important factors that influence the microbial community and element cycling genes in cesspool-affected soil. Overall, this study revealed the impact of household cesspool leakage on the surrounding soil and provided information for the selection and construction of basic sanitation facilities in poor regions.
摘要：
为数百万农村家庭提供分散的卫生设施仍然面临挑战。在欠发达地区,污水池由于技术简单、成本低，仍被广泛使用。然而,污水池对周围土壤的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们调查了一个25岁的家庭污水池对土壤理化因子的影响，微生物群落组成和功能，病原体和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)。污水液位（D70）周围深处的土壤在TOC，NO3-N和TP增加到16.8g/kg，分别为18.2mg/kg和1.02mg/kg。相应地,碳固定的元素循环基因，甲烷营养,固氮,氨氧化,和硝酸盐还原等。,在D70时增加。值得注意的是,人类来源的病原体，如肠杆菌，沙门氏菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,普雷沃氏菌,和弧菌在D70中通过5-10个文件夹高度丰富，表明对人类的潜在健康风险。Mantel测试表明，EC，TP,pH值,NH3-N，尤其是NO3-N是影响污水池土壤微生物群落和元素循环基因的重要因素。总的来说,这项研究揭示了家庭污水池渗漏对周围土壤的影响，为贫困地区基本卫生设施的选择和建设提供了信息。
