Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Vietnamese people use mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) to treat arthritis and gout. Our previous research shows that mugwort contains flavonoids, and its extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no publications have been on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of mugwort and acute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase.
METHODS: According to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis.
RESULTS: The assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice\'s feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC50 21.87 μM).
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase.
METHODS: According to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis.
RESULTS: The assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice\'s feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC50 21.87 μM).
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam.
摘要：
背景：越南人使用艾蒿（ArtemisiavulgarisL.）治疗关节炎和痛风。我们之前的研究表明艾草含有类黄酮,其提取物具有抗菌和抗炎活性。然而,目前还没有关于艾草黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性和体内急性抗炎活性的出版物。
目的：本研究旨在验证抗氧化剂，黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制性，艾草提取物的体外和体内抗炎能力，从潜在的生物活性组分中分离植物化合物，然后评估它们抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的潜力。
方法：根据既定的方法，用不同的色谱技术获得提取物和活性黄酮类化合物。DPPH,ABTS,降低功率，和H2O2消除用于评估抗氧化活性。使用LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型来测量NO产生的抑制。角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿模型用于评估小鼠的急性炎症。体外，黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制试验用于研究提取物/化合物对尿酸产生的影响。通过光谱分析鉴定化学结构。
结果：对小鼠急性炎症模型的评估显示，96％乙醇和50％乙醇提取物均显着降低了角叉菜胶诱导的炎症后小鼠足部的水肿。96%乙醇提取物在低剂量下表现出更好的水肿减轻。分析显示,乙酸乙酯部分具有最高水平的总多酚和类黄酮。此外,该部分在各种测定中表现出显著的抗氧化活性，如DPPH，ABTS,降低功率，和H2O2去除。此外，它对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制作用最强，抗炎活性。从活性组分中分离并测定了五种植物化学物质，如木犀草素（1），芦丁(2),芹菜素(3),杨梅素(4),槲皮素（5）。除了芦丁,与标准品（别嘌呤醇）相比，其他化合物显示出抑制有效黄嘌呤氧化酶的能力。此外，槲皮素(5)抑制NO产生(IC5021.87μM)。
结论：结果表明，寻常型曲霉提取物有效抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性，并具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，可能导致体内尿酸的产生减少并消除ROS。该研究鉴定了艾蒿提取物和生物活性化合物，特别是木犀草素，芹菜素,还有槲皮素,作为有前途的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。这些发现表明这些化合物的进一步开发是有必要的。同时,以上结果也加强了在越南使用艾草治疗痛风疾病。
目的：本研究旨在验证抗氧化剂，黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制性，艾草提取物的体外和体内抗炎能力，从潜在的生物活性组分中分离植物化合物，然后评估它们抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的潜力。
方法：根据既定的方法，用不同的色谱技术获得提取物和活性黄酮类化合物。DPPH,ABTS,降低功率，和H2O2消除用于评估抗氧化活性。使用LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型来测量NO产生的抑制。角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿模型用于评估小鼠的急性炎症。体外，黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制试验用于研究提取物/化合物对尿酸产生的影响。通过光谱分析鉴定化学结构。
结果：对小鼠急性炎症模型的评估显示，96％乙醇和50％乙醇提取物均显着降低了角叉菜胶诱导的炎症后小鼠足部的水肿。96%乙醇提取物在低剂量下表现出更好的水肿减轻。分析显示,乙酸乙酯部分具有最高水平的总多酚和类黄酮。此外,该部分在各种测定中表现出显著的抗氧化活性，如DPPH，ABTS,降低功率，和H2O2去除。此外，它对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制作用最强，抗炎活性。从活性组分中分离并测定了五种植物化学物质，如木犀草素（1），芦丁(2),芹菜素(3),杨梅素(4),槲皮素（5）。除了芦丁,与标准品（别嘌呤醇）相比，其他化合物显示出抑制有效黄嘌呤氧化酶的能力。此外，槲皮素(5)抑制NO产生(IC5021.87μM)。
结论：结果表明，寻常型曲霉提取物有效抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性，并具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，可能导致体内尿酸的产生减少并消除ROS。该研究鉴定了艾蒿提取物和生物活性化合物，特别是木犀草素，芹菜素,还有槲皮素,作为有前途的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。这些发现表明这些化合物的进一步开发是有必要的。同时,以上结果也加强了在越南使用艾草治疗痛风疾病。
