Abstract：
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a recently identified subclass of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), emerge through the cleavage of mature transfer RNA (tRNA) or tRNA precursors mediated by specific enzymes. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein, a signaling molecule produced by activated macrophages, plays a pivotal role in systemic inflammation. Its multifaceted functions include the capacity to eliminate or hinder tumor cells, enhance the phagocytic capabilities of neutrophils, confer resistance against infections, induce fever, and prompt the production of acute phase proteins. Notably, four TNF-related tsRNAs have been conclusively linked to distinct diseases. Examples include 5\'tiRNA-Gly in skeletal muscle injury, tsRNA-21109 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tRF-Leu-AAG-001 in endometriosis (EMs), and tsRNA-04002 in intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). These tsRNAs exhibit the ability to suppress the expression of TNF-α. Additionally, KEGG analysis has identified seven tsRNAs potentially involved in modulating the TNF pathway, exerting their influence across a spectrum of non-cancerous diseases. Noteworthy instances include aberrant tiRNA-Ser-TGA-001 and tRF-Val-AAC-034 in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), irregular tRF-Ala-AGC-052 and tRF-Ala-TGC-027 in obesity, and deviant tiRNA-His-GTG-001, tRF-Ser-GCT-113, and tRF-Gln-TTG-035 in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). This comprehensive review explores the biological functions and mechanisms of tsRNAs associated with the TNF signaling pathway in both cancer and other diseases, offering novel insights for future translational medical research.
摘要：
转移RNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNA），最近发现的非编码小RNA（sncRNAs）的亚类，通过特定酶介导的成熟转移RNA（tRNA）或tRNA前体的裂解而出现。肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）蛋白，由激活的巨噬细胞产生的信号分子，在全身炎症中起着关键作用。它的多方面功能包括消除或阻碍肿瘤细胞的能力，增强嗜中性粒细胞的吞噬能力，赋予抵抗感染的能力，诱发发热,并促进急性期蛋白的产生。值得注意的是,4种TNF相关的tsRNAs与不同的疾病相关。例子包括骨骼肌损伤中的5'tiRNA-Gly，tsRNA-21109在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）中，子宫内膜异位症（EMs）中的tRF-Leu-AAG-001，和tsRNA-04002在椎间盘退变（IDD）中的作用。这些tsRNA表现出抑制TNF-α表达的能力。此外,KEGG分析已经确定了7种可能参与调节TNF途径的tsRNAs，在一系列非癌症疾病中发挥他们的影响。值得注意的例子包括子宫内生长受限（IUGR）中的异常tiRNA-Ser-TGA-001和tRF-Val-AAC-034，肥胖的不规则tRF-Ala-AGC-052和tRF-Ala-TGC-027，和异常的tiRNA-His-GTG-001，tRF-Ser-GCT-113和tRF-Gln-TTG-035在腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）中的应用。这篇综述探讨了与TNF信号通路相关的tsRNA在癌症和其他疾病中的生物学功能和机制。为未来的转化医学研究提供新的见解。
