Abstract：
Cancer, being one of the most lethal illnesses, presents an escalating clinical dilemma on a global scale. Despite significant efforts and advancements in cancer treatment over recent decades, the persistent challenge of resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents and/or emerging targeted drugs remains a prominent issue in the field of cancer therapies. Among the frequently inactivated tumor suppressor genes in cancer, phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) stands out, and its decreased expression may contribute to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), characterized by their short length of 22 nucleotides, exert regulatory control over target mRNA expression by binding to complementary sequences. Recent findings indicate that microRNAs play varied regulatory roles, encompassing promotion, suppression, and dual functions on PTEN, and their aberration is implicated in heightened resistance to anticancer therapies. Significantly, recent research has revealed that competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play a pivotal role in influencing PTEN expression, and the regulatory network involving circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-PTEN is intricately linked to resistance in various cancer types to anticancer therapies. Finally, our findings showcase that diverse approaches, such as herbal medicine, small molecule inhibitors, low-intensity ultrasound, and engineered exosomes, can effectively overcome drug resistance in cancer by modulating the miRNA-PTEN axis.
摘要：
癌症,是最致命的疾病之一，在全球范围内呈现不断升级的临床困境。尽管近几十年来在癌症治疗方面做出了巨大的努力和进步，对传统化疗药物和/或新兴靶向药物的耐药性的持续挑战仍然是癌症治疗领域的一个突出问题.在癌症中经常失活的抑癌基因中，磷酸酶和Tensin同源物（PTEN）脱颖而出，其表达降低可能有助于治疗抗性的出现。microRNAs(miRNAs),它们的特征是22个核苷酸的短长度，通过结合互补序列对靶mRNA表达施加调节控制。最近的研究结果表明，microRNAs发挥着不同的调节作用，包括晋升，抑制,和PTEN上的双重功能，它们的畸变与对抗癌疗法的抵抗力增强有关。重要的是,最近的研究表明，竞争性内源性RNA（ceRNAs）在影响PTEN表达中起关键作用，涉及circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-PTEN的调控网络与各种癌症类型对抗癌疗法的抗性密切相关。最后,我们的发现展示了不同的方法，比如草药，小分子抑制剂，低强度超声，和工程化的外泌体，通过调节miRNA-PTEN轴能有效克服肿瘤耐药。
