Abstract：
The neurohormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are involved in social behaviors and psychiatric conditions. However, more research on nonhuman primates with complex social behaviors is needed. We studied two closely-related primate species with divergent social and mating systems; hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas, n=38 individuals) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis, n=46). We measured OT in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n=75), plasma (n=81) and urine (n=77), and AVP in CSF (n=45), and we collected over 250 hours of focal behavioral observations. Using Bayesian multivariate models, we found no clear species difference in hormone levels; the strongest support was for hamadryas having higher CSF OT levels than anubis (posterior probability [PP] for females = 0.75, males = 0.84). Looking at nine specific behaviors, OT was associated with affiliative behaviors (approach, proximity, grooming, PP ∼ 0.85 - 1.00), albeit inconsistently across sources of measurement (CSF, plasma, and urine, which were uncorrelated with each other). Most behaviors had low repeatability (R ∼ 0 - 0.2), i.e. they did not exhibit stable between-individual differences (or \"personality\"), and different behaviors did not neatly coalesce into higher-order factors (or \"behavioral syndromes\"), which cautions against the use of aggregate behavioral measures and highlights the need to establish stable behavioral profiles when testing associations with baseline hormone levels. In sum, we found some associations between peptides and social behavior, but also many null results, OT levels from different sources were uncorrelated, and our behavioral measures did not indicate clear individual differences in sociability.
摘要：
神经激素催产素（OT）和精氨酸加压素（AVP）与社会行为和精神疾病有关。然而,需要对具有复杂社会行为的非人灵长类动物进行更多研究。我们研究了两种密切相关的灵长类动物，它们具有不同的社会和交配系统；hamadryas狒狒（Papiohamadryas，n=38个人)和阿努比斯狒狒(Papioanubis，n=46）。我们测量了脑脊液中的OT(CSF，n=75),血浆（n=81）和尿液（n=77），和脑脊液中的AVP(n=45)，我们收集了超过250小时的局灶性行为观察。使用贝叶斯多变量模型，我们发现激素水平没有明显的物种差异；最强的支持是对于具有高于anubis的CSFOT水平的hamadryas（女性的后验概率[PP]=0.75，男性=0.84）。看看九种具体的行为，OT与关联行为(方法，接近度,梳理,PP~0.85-1.00),尽管在测量来源之间不一致(CSF，等离子体,和尿液，它们彼此不相关)。大多数行为重复性低(R~0-0.2)，即他们没有表现出稳定的个体差异(或“个性”)，不同的行为并没有巧妙地合并成高阶因素(或“行为综合征”)，警告不要使用总体行为测量，并强调在测试与基线激素水平的关联时需要建立稳定的行为特征。总之,我们发现肽和社会行为之间有一些关联，但也有许多空结果，来自不同来源的OT水平不相关，我们的行为测量没有表明社交能力的明显个体差异。
