Abstract：
Gypsum plays a prominent role in agriculture, being considered an effective alternative to alleviate subsurface acidity due to its higher solubility and containing sulfur. However, another significant aspect is which pose long-term risks of groundwater contamination due to excessive applications of salts, pesticides, and other chemicals that will be leached, or even soil chemical depletion. So far, no study has focused on understanding the impacts of the atmospheric gypsum plume originating from gibbsite mining and processing on the leaching of soil bases and chemical degradation surrounding these sites. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of chemical characteristics in soil profiles distributed along the dispersion of the atmospheric plume and in areas without interference from the industrial sector in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Fifty-three sampling points were collected at 7 locations based on the dispersion of the dust plume through wind drift. Each sampling point was represented by three composite soil samples at depths of 0.0-0.20, 0.40-0.60, and 1.00-1.20 m, where the chemical soil characteristics were evaluated. The average levels of Ca, Mg, and K in the studied layers are classified as low, with minimum values below the method\'s detection limit, and they also show imbalance due to higher concentrations of Ca in the surface layer in areas affected by atmospheric dispersion. The sum and saturation of bases at all depths are classified as low. Higher aluminum saturation values were observed in the deeper soil layers. The gypsum dust altered the soil\'s chemical characteristics at the evaluated depths; therefore, it is necessary to seek means to mitigate gypsum dust release during gibbsite extraction and processing and ensure that the soils in areas near these enterprises maintain their natural characteristics.
摘要：
石膏在农业中发挥着突出的作用,由于其较高的溶解度和含硫，被认为是减轻地下酸度的有效替代品。然而,另一个重要方面是由于过量使用盐而造成地下水污染的长期风险，杀虫剂,和其他将被浸出的化学物质，甚至土壤化学耗竭。到目前为止,没有研究集中于了解源自三水铝石开采和加工的大气石膏羽流对这些地点周围土壤基底的浸出和化学降解的影响。在这项研究中,我们评估了沿大气羽流分散分布的土壤剖面中的化学特征行为，以及在Maranhão州没有工业部门干扰的地区，巴西东北部。根据尘埃羽流通过风漂移的分散，在7个位置收集了53个采样点。每个采样点以深度为0.0-0.20、0.40-0.60和1.00-1.20m的三个复合土样表示。在那里对土壤的化学特征进行了评估。Ca的平均水平，Mg,研究层中的K被归类为低，最小值低于方法的检测限，由于受大气扩散影响的地区表层Ca浓度较高，它们也显示出不平衡。在所有深度的基础的总和和饱和度被分类为低。在较深的土壤层中观察到较高的铝饱和度值。石膏粉尘在评估深度改变了土壤的化学特性；因此，有必要寻求减轻三水铝石提取和加工过程中石膏粉尘释放的方法，并确保这些企业附近地区的土壤保持其自然特征。
