Abstract：
The cloud responses to global warming are captured in various global climate models with distinct inferences on changes in cloud vertical structure as function of surface warming. However, long term observational evidences are scarce to validate the model outputs. Here, we have studied the changes in radiosonde derived cloud macro-physical properties and their association with other atmospheric variables during the period 2000-2019 in response to warming climate over the Indian summer monsoon region. We have observed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cloudy days (∼13 % decade-1), high-level clouds (HLCs ∼11 % decade-1) and simultaneous decrease in low-level clouds (LLCs ∼8 % decade-1) over the Indian region during the monsoon season. The multiple linear regression, principle component analyses and further correlation analyses suggest significant associations between cloud vertical structure variations and large-scale climate indicators, such as global warming and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The vertical extension of the tropospheric column and the upward shift of clouds, attributed to global warming, explain the changes observed in both HLCs and LLCs. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between global climate change and regional cloud dynamics, with implications for weather and climate modeling.
摘要：
在各种全球气候模型中捕获了云对全球变暖的响应，并对云垂直结构的变化作为地表变暖的函数有明显的推论。然而,用于验证模型输出的长期观测证据很少。这里,我们研究了2000-2019年期间，随着印度夏季风地区气候变暖，探空仪衍生的云宏观物理性质的变化及其与其他大气变量的关联。我们观察到阴天的频率在统计学上显着增加（〜13％十年-1），在季风季节期间，印度地区的高层云（HLCs〜11％十年-1）和低层云（LLCs〜8％十年-1）同时减少。多元线性回归，主成分分析和进一步的相关性分析表明，云垂直结构变化与大规模气候指标之间存在显着关联，例如全球变暖和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动。对流层柱的垂直延伸和云层的向上移动，归因于全球变暖，解释在HLC和LLC中观察到的变化。这些结果有助于更深入地理解全球气候变化和区域云动态之间的动态相互作用。对天气和气候建模有影响。
