Abstract：
Parkinson\'s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement impairments. Predominant symptoms encompass resting tremor, bradykinesia, limb rigidity, and postural instability. In addition, it also includes a series of non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hyposmia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Pathologically, the disease manifests through dopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of Lewy bodies. At present, no significant breakthrough has been achieved in clinical Parkinson\'s disease treatment. Exploring treatment modalities necessitate the establishment of scientifically sound animal models. In recent years, researchers have focused on replicating the symptoms of human Parkinson\'s disease, resulting in the establishment of various experimental animal models primarily through drugs and transgenic methods to mimic relevant pathologies and identify more effective treatments. This review examines traditional neurotoxin and transgenic animal models as well as α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils models, non-human primate models and non-mammalian specie models. Additionally, it introduces emerging models, including models based on optogenetics, induced pluripotent stem cells, and gene editing, aiming to provide a reference for the utilization of experimental animal models and clinical research for researchers in this field.
摘要：
帕金森病是一种以进行性运动障碍为特征的复杂神经退行性疾病。主要症状包括静息性震颤，运动迟缓,肢体僵硬,和姿势不稳定。此外,它还包括一系列非运动症状，如睡眠障碍，失足,胃肠功能障碍,自主神经功能障碍和认知障碍。病理上,该疾病表现为多巴胺能神经元丢失和路易体的存在。目前,帕金森病的临床治疗没有取得重大突破。探索治疗方式需要建立科学合理的动物模型。近年来,研究人员专注于复制人类帕金森病的症状，主要通过药物和转基因方法建立各种实验动物模型，以模拟相关病理并确定更有效的治疗方法。这篇综述研究了传统的神经毒素和转基因动物模型以及α-突触核蛋白预形成的原纤维模型，非人灵长类动物模型和非哺乳动物物种模型。此外,它引入了新兴的模型，包括基于光遗传学的模型，诱导多能干细胞，和基因编辑，旨在为该领域的研究人员利用实验动物模型和临床研究提供参考。
