Abstract：
The urinary system comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra with its primary function being excretion, referring to the physiological process of transporting substances that are harmful or surplus out of the body. The male reproductive system consists of gonads (testis), vas deferens, and accessory glands such as the prostate. According to classical immunology theory, the tissues and organs mentioned above are not thought to produce immunoglobulins (Igs), and any Ig present in the relevant tissues under physiological and pathological conditions is believed to be derived from B cells. For instance, most renal diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation caused by pathogenic Ig deposited in the kidney. Generally, these pathological Igs are presumed to be produced by B cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that renal parenchymal cells can produce and secrete Igs, including IgA and IgG. Glomerular mesangial cells can express and secrete IgA, which is associated with cell survival and adhesion. Likewise, human podocytes demonstrate the ability to produce and secrete IgG, which is related to cell survival and adhesion. Furthermore, renal tubular epithelial cells also express IgG, potentially involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More significantly, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer have been revealed to express high levels of IgG, which promotes tumour progression. Given the widespread Ig expression in the urinary and male reproductive systems, continued efforts to elucidate the roles of Igs in renal physiological and pathological processes are necessary.
摘要：
泌尿系统包括肾脏，输尿管,膀胱,尿道的主要功能是排泄，指将有害或多余的物质运出体外的生理过程。男性生殖系统由性腺（睾丸）组成，输精管,和前列腺等附属腺体。根据经典免疫学理论,上面提到的组织和器官不被认为产生免疫球蛋白（Igs），并且在生理和病理条件下存在于相关组织中的任何Ig被认为来源于B细胞。例如,大多数肾脏疾病与由肾脏中沉积的致病性Ig引起的不受控制的炎症有关。一般来说,推测这些病理性Ig是由B细胞产生的。最近的研究表明，肾实质细胞可以产生和分泌Igs，包括IgA和IgG。肾小球系膜细胞可以表达和分泌IgA，这与细胞存活和粘附有关。同样，人类足细胞表现出产生和分泌IgG的能力，这与细胞存活和粘附有关。此外，肾小管上皮细胞也表达IgG，可能参与上皮间质转化（EMT）。更重要的是,肾细胞癌，膀胱癌,前列腺癌已经被发现表达高水平的IgG，促进肿瘤进展。鉴于Ig在泌尿和男性生殖系统中广泛表达，继续努力阐明Ig在肾脏生理和病理过程中的作用是必要的。
