Abstract：
This systematic review compiles reports of clinical pythiosis in horses, mules and donkeys from 1960 to 2023 worldwide, focusing on Brazil. We searched databases and included 71 articles detailing clinical characteristics, geographic distribution, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, therapies, and outcomes. The results showed that publications on equine pythiosis have significantly increased since 2010. Brazil reported the highest incidence, comprising 55% of cases, predominantly in the southern, northeastern, and central-western regions during summer and autumn. Cutaneous pythiosis was the most prevalent form, generally presenting as single lesions in the appendicular region, and affected females more than males. Diagnosis typically involved histopathology, used alone or with other methods. Various treatments have been employed, with surgery, often combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, being the most common. Notably, 80.84% of treated animals recovered, highlighting the effectiveness of these therapies in enhancing survival rates. The limitations of the study included the lack of data in published case reports, which made it difficult to collect and calculate epidemiological data. Additionally, we recognize that pythiosis in Brazil is underreported, since this disease does not have mandatory notification and several cases are not registered and/or reported in the literature. Lastly, it is hypothesized that equid pythiosis may be more widespread than currently known, and its real occurrence in Brazil remains uncertain.
摘要：
本系统综述汇编了马的临床化脓性报告，从1960年到2023年，全世界的骡子和驴，专注于巴西。我们搜索了数据库，纳入了71篇详细介绍临床特征的文章，地理分布,流行病学,诊断方法,疗法,和结果。结果显示，自2010年以来，有关马化脓症的出版物显着增加。巴西报告的发病率最高，占55%的病例，主要在南部，东北,中西部地区在夏季和秋季。皮肤化脓是最常见的形式，通常表现为阑尾区域的单个病变，对女性的影响大于男性。诊断通常涉及组织病理学，单独使用或与其他方法一起使用。已经采用了各种治疗方法，通过手术，通常与化疗和免疫疗法相结合，是最常见的。值得注意的是,80.84%的治疗动物恢复，强调这些疗法在提高生存率方面的有效性。该研究的局限性包括在已发表的病例报告中缺乏数据，这使得很难收集和计算流行病学数据。此外,我们认识到巴西的化脓症被低估了，因为这种疾病没有强制性通知，并且有几例病例没有在文献中注册和/或报告。最后,据推测，赤霉病可能比目前已知的更普遍，它在巴西的真实发生仍然不确定。
