PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Molecular biomarkers require the reproducible capture of disease-associated changes and are ideally sensitive, specific and accessible with minimal invasiveness to patients. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that have gained attention as potential biomarkers. They are released by all cell types and carry molecular cargo that reflects the functional state of the cells of origin. These characteristics make them an attractive means of measuring disease-related processes within the central nervous system (CNS), as they cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and can be captured in peripheral blood. In this review, we discuss recent progress made toward identifying blood-based protein and RNA biomarkers of several neurodegenerative diseases from circulating, CNS cell-derived exosomes. Given the lack of standardized methodology for exosome isolation and characterization, we discuss the challenges of capturing and quantifying the molecular content of exosome populations from blood for translation to clinical use.
摘要：
分子生物标志物需要可重复捕获疾病相关变化，并且理想情况下是敏感的，特异性和可访问性，对患者的侵入性最小。外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种亚型，已作为潜在的生物标志物受到关注。它们由所有细胞类型释放，并携带反映起源细胞功能状态的分子货物。这些特征使它们成为测量中枢神经系统（CNS）内疾病相关过程的有吸引力的手段，当它们穿过血脑屏障（BBB）并可以在外周血中捕获。在这次审查中,我们讨论了从循环中识别几种神经退行性疾病的基于血液的蛋白质和RNA生物标志物的最新进展，CNS细胞来源的外泌体。鉴于缺乏外来体分离和表征的标准化方法，我们讨论了从血液中捕获和量化外泌体群体的分子含量以转化为临床用途的挑战。
