PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Endophytic fungal-based biopesticides are sustainable and ecologically-friendly biocontrol agents of several pests and diseases. However, their potential in managing tomato fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unexploited. This study therefore evaluated effectiveness of nine fungal isolates against tomato fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in vitro using dual culture and co-culture assays. The efficacy of three potent endophytes that inhibited the pathogen in vitro was assessed against FWD incidence, severity, and ability to enhance growth and yield of tomatoes in planta. The ability of endophytically-colonized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants to systemically defend themselves upon exposure to FOL were also assessed through defence genes expression using qPCR. In vitro assays showed that endophytes inhibited and suppressed FOL mycelial growth better than entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1, Trichoderma harzianum KF2R41, and Trichoderma atroviride ICIPE 710 had the highest (68.84-99.61%) suppression and FOL radial growth inhibition rates compared to EPF which exhibited lowest (27.05-40.63%) inhibition rates. Endophytes T. asperellum M2RT4, H. lixii F3ST1 and T. harzianum KF2R41 colonized all tomato plant parts. During the in planta experiment, endophytically-colonized and FOL-infected tomato plants showed significant reduction of FWD incidence and severity compared to non-inoculated plants. In addition, these endophytes contributed to improved growth promotion parameters and yield. Moreover, there was significantly higher expression of tomato defence genes in T. asperellum M2RT4 colonized than in un-inoculated tomato plants. These findings demonstrated that H. lixii F3ST1 and T. asperellum M2RT4 are effective biocontrol agents against FWD and could sustainably mitigate tomato yield losses associated with fusarium wilt.
摘要：
基于内生真菌的生物农药是几种病虫害的可持续且生态友好的生物防治剂。然而,它们在管理番茄枯萎病（FWD）方面的潜力仍未得到开发。因此，这项研究评估了9种真菌分离株对番茄枯萎病病原体的有效性，尖孢镰刀菌f.sp.使用双重培养和共培养测定法在体外进行lycopersici（FOL）。针对FWD的发生率，评估了三种在体外抑制病原体的有效内生菌的功效。严重程度,以及提高植物番茄生长和产量的能力。还使用qPCR通过防御基因表达评估了内生定殖的番茄（SolanumlycopersicumL.）植物在暴露于FOL后系统防御自身的能力。体外实验表明，内生菌比昆虫病原真菌（EPF）更好地抑制和抑制FOL菌丝体生长。与EPF相比，内生木霉M2RT4，下木霉F3ST1，哈茨木霉KF2R41和木霉ICIPE710的抑制率最高（68.84-99.61％），FOL径向生长抑制率最低（27.05-40.63％）。内生菌天蚕M2RT4，H.lixiiF3ST1和T.harzianumKF2R41定殖所有番茄植物部分。在植物实验中，与未接种的植物相比，内生定植和FOL感染的番茄植物显示FWD发生率和严重程度显着降低。此外,这些内生菌有助于改善生长促进参数和产量。此外，定殖的天蚕M2RT4中番茄防御基因的表达明显高于未接种的番茄植株。这些发现表明，H.lixiiF3ST1和天蚕M2RT4是针对FWD的有效生物防治剂，可以持续减轻与枯萎病相关的番茄产量损失。
