PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Walking with a concurrent cognitive task (dual-task walking) can pose a challenge to some populations due to aging or neurodegenerative disease. These tasks require cognitive resources involving the prefrontal cortex and can be studied using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). An important step in understanding fNIRS measures during such walking tasks is validating that measures reflect the demands of the tasks and not confounding sources or movement artifacts.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the validity of fNIRS measures of prefrontal cortex activity as an indicator of executive demand during usual walking (single-task) and dual-task walking against clinical and objective measures of motor behavior in young adults, older adults, and people with Parkinson\'s disease (PD), by evaluating several validation hypotheses.
METHODS: In total, 133 participants were recruited from younger adults (18-50 years, n = 42), older adults (≥60 years, n = 49) and people with PD (≥60 years, n = 42). Activity in the prefrontal cortex during walking with and without an auditory Stroop task was measured with fNIRS. A combined hemoglobin measure (correlation-based signal improvement, CBSI) was calculated for use in a region of interest analysis in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Pre-registered hypotheses regarding convergent validity, discriminant validity and known group validity were tested. An exploratory analysis of different hemoglobin measures was also performed.
RESULTS: Increases in dlPFC activity were found from single- to dual-task walking in the younger adults group and from rest to single-task walking in the older adults and PD groups. In line with hypotheses, a positive relationship was found between between dlPFC activity during dual-task walking and dual-task cost in the younger adults group, as well as a positive relationship to step time variability during single-task walking and a negative relationship to walking speed during single-task walking in the PD group. However, several clinical and gait measures lacked a relationship with dlPFC activity.
CONCLUSIONS: The fNIRS results point towards the CBSI measure of dlPFC activity being a valid measure of executive demand during both single and dual-task walking. Some relationships between clinical and gait measures and brain activity during walking need further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the validity of fNIRS measures of prefrontal cortex activity as an indicator of executive demand during usual walking (single-task) and dual-task walking against clinical and objective measures of motor behavior in young adults, older adults, and people with Parkinson\'s disease (PD), by evaluating several validation hypotheses.
METHODS: In total, 133 participants were recruited from younger adults (18-50 years, n = 42), older adults (≥60 years, n = 49) and people with PD (≥60 years, n = 42). Activity in the prefrontal cortex during walking with and without an auditory Stroop task was measured with fNIRS. A combined hemoglobin measure (correlation-based signal improvement, CBSI) was calculated for use in a region of interest analysis in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Pre-registered hypotheses regarding convergent validity, discriminant validity and known group validity were tested. An exploratory analysis of different hemoglobin measures was also performed.
RESULTS: Increases in dlPFC activity were found from single- to dual-task walking in the younger adults group and from rest to single-task walking in the older adults and PD groups. In line with hypotheses, a positive relationship was found between between dlPFC activity during dual-task walking and dual-task cost in the younger adults group, as well as a positive relationship to step time variability during single-task walking and a negative relationship to walking speed during single-task walking in the PD group. However, several clinical and gait measures lacked a relationship with dlPFC activity.
CONCLUSIONS: The fNIRS results point towards the CBSI measure of dlPFC activity being a valid measure of executive demand during both single and dual-task walking. Some relationships between clinical and gait measures and brain activity during walking need further investigation.
摘要：
背景：同时进行认知任务（双任务步行）的步行可能会由于衰老或神经退行性疾病而对某些人群构成挑战。这些任务需要涉及前额叶皮层的认知资源，并且可以使用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）进行研究。在此类步行任务中理解fNIRS度量的一个重要步骤是验证度量反映了任务的需求，而不是混淆源或运动伪影。
目的：本研究旨在调查前额叶皮层活动的fNIRS测量值作为常规步行（单任务）和双任务步行期间执行需求的指标与临床和客观测量值的有效性。年轻人的运动行为，老年人,和帕金森病（PD）患者，通过评估几个验证假设。
方法：总共，133名参与者来自年轻的成年人(18-50岁，n=42),老年人(≥60岁，n=49）和PD患者（≥60岁，n=42)。使用fNIRS测量有和没有听觉Stroop任务的步行过程中前额叶皮层的活动。联合血红蛋白测量(基于相关性的信号改善，计算CBSI），用于背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）的感兴趣区域分析。关于收敛有效性的预先登记的假设，检验了判别效度和已知群体效度。还进行了不同血红蛋白测量的探索性分析。
结果：在年轻的成年人组中，从单任务步行到双任务步行，在老年人和PD组中，从休息步行到单任务步行，dlPFC活动增加。根据假设，在年轻人组中，双任务步行期间的dlPFC活动与双任务成本之间存在正相关关系，在PD组中，单任务步行过程中与步时变异性呈正相关，而单任务步行过程中与步行速度呈负相关。然而,一些临床和步态测量与dlPFC活性缺乏关系.
结论：fNIRS结果表明，CBSI测量dlPFC活动是单任务和双任务步行期间执行需求的有效测量。临床和步态测量与步行过程中大脑活动之间的一些关系需要进一步研究。
目的：本研究旨在调查前额叶皮层活动的fNIRS测量值作为常规步行（单任务）和双任务步行期间执行需求的指标与临床和客观测量值的有效性。年轻人的运动行为，老年人,和帕金森病（PD）患者，通过评估几个验证假设。
方法：总共，133名参与者来自年轻的成年人(18-50岁，n=42),老年人(≥60岁，n=49）和PD患者（≥60岁，n=42)。使用fNIRS测量有和没有听觉Stroop任务的步行过程中前额叶皮层的活动。联合血红蛋白测量(基于相关性的信号改善，计算CBSI），用于背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）的感兴趣区域分析。关于收敛有效性的预先登记的假设，检验了判别效度和已知群体效度。还进行了不同血红蛋白测量的探索性分析。
结果：在年轻的成年人组中，从单任务步行到双任务步行，在老年人和PD组中，从休息步行到单任务步行，dlPFC活动增加。根据假设，在年轻人组中，双任务步行期间的dlPFC活动与双任务成本之间存在正相关关系，在PD组中，单任务步行过程中与步时变异性呈正相关，而单任务步行过程中与步行速度呈负相关。然而,一些临床和步态测量与dlPFC活性缺乏关系.
结论：fNIRS结果表明，CBSI测量dlPFC活动是单任务和双任务步行期间执行需求的有效测量。临床和步态测量与步行过程中大脑活动之间的一些关系需要进一步研究。
