Abstract：
Liver and Breast cancer are ranked as the most prevailing cancers that cause high cancer-related mortality. As cancer is a life-threatening disease that affects the human population globally, there is a need to develop novel therapies. Among the available treatment options include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. The most superlative modern method is the use of plant-derived anticancer drugs that target the cancerous cells and inhibit their proliferation. Plant-derived compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs/traditional therapies and could serve as potential novel targets to treat liver and breast cancer to revolutionize cancer treatment. Alkaloids and Polyphenols have been shown to act as anticancer agents through molecular approaches. They disrupt various cellular mechanisms, inhibit the production of cyclins and CDKs to arrest the cell cycle, and activate the DNA repairing mechanism by upregulating p53, p21, and p38 expression. In severe cases, when no repair is possible, they induce apoptosis in liver and breast cancer cells by activating caspase-3, 8, and 9 and increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. They also deactivate several signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, STAT3, NF-kB, Shh, MAPK/ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, to control cancer cell progression and metastasis. The highlights of this review are the regulation of specific protein expressions that are crucial in cancer, such as in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer cells; alkaloids and polyphenols have been reported to reduce HER2 as well as MMP expression. This study reviewed more than 40 of the plant-based alkaloids and polyphenols with specific molecular targets against liver and breast cancer. Among them, Oxymatrine, Hirsutine, Piperine, Solamargine, and Brucine are currently under clinical trials by qualifying as potent anticancer agents due to lesser side effects. As a lot of research is there on anticancer compounds, there is a desideratum to compile data to move towards clinical trials phase 4 and control the prevalence of liver and breast cancer.
摘要：
肝癌和乳腺癌被列为导致高癌症相关死亡率的最常见癌症。由于癌症是一种威胁生命的疾病，影响全球人口，需要开发新的疗法。在可用的治疗选择中包括放射治疗，化疗,手术,和免疫疗法。最先进的现代方法是使用植物衍生的抗癌药物，靶向癌细胞并抑制其增殖。植物衍生的化合物通常被认为比合成药物/传统疗法更安全，可以作为治疗肝癌和乳腺癌的潜在新靶点，彻底改变癌症治疗。生物碱和多酚已被证明通过分子方法充当抗癌剂。它们破坏各种细胞机制，抑制细胞周期蛋白和CDK的产生以阻止细胞周期，并通过上调p53，p21和p38的表达来激活DNA修复机制。在严重的情况下,当无法修复时，它们通过激活caspase-3、8和9并增加Bax/Bcl-2比率来诱导肝癌和乳腺癌细胞的凋亡。它们还使几种信号通路失活，如PI3K/AKT/mTOR，STAT3,NF-kB,嘘,MAPK/ERK,和Wnt/β-catenin途径，控制癌细胞的发展和转移。这篇综述的重点是对癌症中至关重要的特定蛋白质表达的调节，例如在HER2过表达的乳腺癌细胞中;生物碱和多酚已被报道降低HER2以及MMP表达。这项研究回顾了40多种具有针对肝癌和乳腺癌的特定分子靶标的植物性生物碱和多酚。其中,氧化苦参碱,Hirsutine,胡椒碱,Solamargine,和马钱子碱目前正在临床试验中，因为副作用较小，因此有资格作为有效的抗癌剂。由于对抗癌化合物的研究很多，人们迫切需要收集数据，以进入临床试验阶段4，并控制肝癌和乳腺癌的患病率。
