Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The maxillary sinus is a pyramid-shaped cavity with varying shapes, sizes, and capacities. Its dimensions grow gradually and develop until early adulthood. Anatomical knowledge of the maxillary sinus is essential to understanding sinonasal disorders, planning surgical procedures and preventing complications. Awareness of the sinus\'s proximity to critical structures helps avoid injuries during surgery. The European, Korean, and Sri Lankan population study parameters show varying results and do not necessarily apply to the Indian population. The standard morphometric data of the maxillary sinus is scanty in the Indian population. The study aimed to determine the volume and morphometry of the maxillary sinus along with gender differences in the Eastern population of the Indian.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using cone beam computed tomography data of maxillary sinuses of 100 normal individuals. The data were analysed after the three-dimensional reconstruction of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images with the help of DICOM to print and Geomagic freeform software in the Anatomy department. The different linear morphometric variables and volume of the maxillary sinus were studied. SPSS version 27.0. was utilised for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The mean values of Antero-posterior diameter, Transverse diameter, Craniocaudal diameters, the height of ostium from the floor and volume of the maxillary sinus in males on the right side are 36.61 mm, 20.7 mm, 40.31 mm, 26.02 mm and 16055.24 mm³ and on the left side are 37.17 mm, 20.17 mm, 40.73 mm, 26.91 mm and 15712.66 mm³ whereas in females the values on the right side are 38.10 mm, 21.56 mm, 38.96 mm, 25.81 mm and 14687.78 mm³ and on left side are 38.23 mm, 21.53 mm, 38.48 mm, 25.28 mm and 14203.13 mm3 respectively. The side-to-side parameter differences were non-significant within the male and female groups, respectively. The females had significantly (p < 0.05) larger transverse diameters than males in both the right and left maxillary sinuses. The males tend to have a slightly larger mean craniocaudal diameter than females, but the difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in the left maxillary sinus. The gender differentiation based on the measured parameters of bilateral maxillary sinus accuracy rate was 89.4% in males and 61.8% in females.
CONCLUSIONS: These parameters serve as a standard or reference point, allowing radiologists and surgeons to compare individual patient scans to population averages and aid in better clinical outcomes. The mean values of different parameters of the maxillary sinus may be utilised to differentiate various suspected sinus pathologies, which is helpful for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Gender differentiation can be done more accurately by forensic experts using Maxillary sinus transverse diameter bilaterally, followed by craniocaudal diameter of the left side sinus for predicting the gender of an unknown maxilla.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using cone beam computed tomography data of maxillary sinuses of 100 normal individuals. The data were analysed after the three-dimensional reconstruction of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images with the help of DICOM to print and Geomagic freeform software in the Anatomy department. The different linear morphometric variables and volume of the maxillary sinus were studied. SPSS version 27.0. was utilised for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The mean values of Antero-posterior diameter, Transverse diameter, Craniocaudal diameters, the height of ostium from the floor and volume of the maxillary sinus in males on the right side are 36.61 mm, 20.7 mm, 40.31 mm, 26.02 mm and 16055.24 mm³ and on the left side are 37.17 mm, 20.17 mm, 40.73 mm, 26.91 mm and 15712.66 mm³ whereas in females the values on the right side are 38.10 mm, 21.56 mm, 38.96 mm, 25.81 mm and 14687.78 mm³ and on left side are 38.23 mm, 21.53 mm, 38.48 mm, 25.28 mm and 14203.13 mm3 respectively. The side-to-side parameter differences were non-significant within the male and female groups, respectively. The females had significantly (p < 0.05) larger transverse diameters than males in both the right and left maxillary sinuses. The males tend to have a slightly larger mean craniocaudal diameter than females, but the difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in the left maxillary sinus. The gender differentiation based on the measured parameters of bilateral maxillary sinus accuracy rate was 89.4% in males and 61.8% in females.
CONCLUSIONS: These parameters serve as a standard or reference point, allowing radiologists and surgeons to compare individual patient scans to population averages and aid in better clinical outcomes. The mean values of different parameters of the maxillary sinus may be utilised to differentiate various suspected sinus pathologies, which is helpful for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Gender differentiation can be done more accurately by forensic experts using Maxillary sinus transverse diameter bilaterally, followed by craniocaudal diameter of the left side sinus for predicting the gender of an unknown maxilla.
摘要：
背景：上颌窦是一个形状各异的金字塔形空腔，尺寸,和能力。它的尺寸逐渐增长并发展到成年早期。上颌窦的解剖学知识对于理解鼻窦疾病至关重要，计划外科手术和预防并发症。意识到鼻窦靠近关键结构有助于避免手术期间受伤。欧洲,韩语,和斯里兰卡人口研究参数显示不同的结果，不一定适用于印度人口。在印度人群中，上颌窦的标准形态数据很少。该研究旨在确定印度东部人群上颌窦的体积和形态以及性别差异。
方法：使用100名正常人的上颌窦的锥形束计算机断层扫描数据进行了回顾性横断面研究。借助DICOM打印和解剖学部门的Geomagic自由格式软件，对数字成像和医学通信（DICOM）图像进行三维重建后，对数据进行了分析。研究了上颌窦的不同线性形态变量和体积。SPSS版本27.0。用于统计分析。
结果：前后直径的平均值，横向直径,头尾直径，男性右侧上颌窦的口距底面的高度和体积为36.61毫米，20.7mm,40.31mm,26.02毫米和16055.24毫米，左侧为37.17毫米，20.17毫米,40.73mm,26.91毫米和15712.66毫米，而女性的右侧值为38.10毫米，21.56mm,38.96mm,25.81毫米和14687.78毫米，左侧为38.23毫米，21.53mm,38.48mm,分别为25.28mm和14203.13mm3。在男性和女性组中，侧方参数差异不显著，分别。在左右上颌窦，女性的横径明显大于男性（p<0.05）。男性的平均头尾直径往往比女性稍大，但差异仅在左上颌窦发现有统计学意义（p<0.05）。基于双侧上颌窦测量参数的性别区分准确率男性为89.4%,女性为61.8%。
结论：这些参数用作标准或参考点，允许放射科医师和外科医生将个体患者扫描结果与人群平均值进行比较,并有助于获得更好的临床结果.上颌窦不同参数的平均值可用于区分各种可疑的窦病变，这对功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术有帮助。法医专家利用双侧上颌窦横径可以更准确地进行性别鉴别,其次是左侧窦的颅尾直径，用于预测未知上颌骨的性别。
方法：使用100名正常人的上颌窦的锥形束计算机断层扫描数据进行了回顾性横断面研究。借助DICOM打印和解剖学部门的Geomagic自由格式软件，对数字成像和医学通信（DICOM）图像进行三维重建后，对数据进行了分析。研究了上颌窦的不同线性形态变量和体积。SPSS版本27.0。用于统计分析。
结果：前后直径的平均值，横向直径,头尾直径，男性右侧上颌窦的口距底面的高度和体积为36.61毫米，20.7mm,40.31mm,26.02毫米和16055.24毫米，左侧为37.17毫米，20.17毫米,40.73mm,26.91毫米和15712.66毫米，而女性的右侧值为38.10毫米，21.56mm,38.96mm,25.81毫米和14687.78毫米，左侧为38.23毫米，21.53mm,38.48mm,分别为25.28mm和14203.13mm3。在男性和女性组中，侧方参数差异不显著，分别。在左右上颌窦，女性的横径明显大于男性（p<0.05）。男性的平均头尾直径往往比女性稍大，但差异仅在左上颌窦发现有统计学意义（p<0.05）。基于双侧上颌窦测量参数的性别区分准确率男性为89.4%,女性为61.8%。
结论：这些参数用作标准或参考点，允许放射科医师和外科医生将个体患者扫描结果与人群平均值进行比较,并有助于获得更好的临床结果.上颌窦不同参数的平均值可用于区分各种可疑的窦病变，这对功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术有帮助。法医专家利用双侧上颌窦横径可以更准确地进行性别鉴别,其次是左侧窦的颅尾直径，用于预测未知上颌骨的性别。
