Abstract：
In June 2022, an exotic pest of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera), the varroa mite (Varroa destructor), was detected in surveillance hives at the Port of Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW). Previously, Australia remained the only continent free of the varroa mite. In September 2023, the National Management Group decided to shift the focus of the response from eradication to management. It is estimated that the establishment of varroa mite in Australia could lead to more than $70 million in losses each year due to greatly reduced pollination services. Currently, there are no reported studies on the epidemiology of varroa mite in NSW because it is such a recent outbreak, and there is little knowledge of the factors associated with the presence of V. destructor in the Australian context. We sourced publicly available varroa mite outbreak reports from June 22 to December 19, 2022, to determine if urbanization, land use, and distance from the incursion site are associated with the detection of varroa mite infestation in European honeybee colonies in NSW. The outcome investigated was epidemic day, relative to the first detected premises (June 22, 2022). The study population was comprised of 107 premises, which were declared varroa-infested. The median epidemic day was day 37 (July 29, 2022), and a bimodal distribution was observed from the epidemic curve, which was reflective of an intermittent source pattern of spread. We found that premises were detected to be infected with varroa mite earlier in urban areas [median epidemic day 25 (July 17, 2022)] compared to rural areas [median epidemic day 37.5 (July 29, 2022)]. Infected premises located in areas without cropping, forests, and irrigation were detected earlier in the outbreak [median epidemic days 23.5 (July 15, 2022), 30 (July 22, 2022), and 15 (July 7, 2022), respectively] compared to areas with cropping, forests, and irrigation [median epidemic days 50 (August 11, 2022), 43 (August 4, 2022), and 47 (August 8, 2022), respectively]. We also found that distance from the incursion site was not significantly correlated with epidemic day. Urbanization and land use are potential factors for the recent spread of varroa mite in European honeybee colonies in NSW. This knowledge is essential to managing the current varroa mite outbreak and preventing future mass varroa mite spread events.
摘要：
2022年6月，欧洲蜜蜂（Apismellifera）的外来害虫，varroa螨（Varroa析构函数），在纽卡斯尔港的监视蜂巢中被发现,新南威尔士州（新南威尔士州）。以前,澳大利亚仍然是唯一没有瓦罗螨的大陆。2023年9月，国家管理小组决定将应对重点从根除转移到管理。据估计，由于授粉服务的大幅减少，在澳大利亚建立瓦罗螨每年可能导致超过7000万澳元的损失。目前,没有关于新南威尔士州瓦螨流行病学的报道研究，因为它是最近爆发的，并且在澳大利亚背景下，对与V.析构函数的存在相关的因素知之甚少。我们从2022年6月22日至12月19日收集了公开可用的瓦螨疫情报告，以确定城市化、土地利用,与入侵地点的距离与新南威尔士州欧洲蜜蜂殖民地中的瓦螨感染的检测有关。调查的结果是流行日，相对于第一个检测到的场所（2022年6月22日）。研究人群由107个场所组成，被宣布为varroa出没。中位流行日是第37天（2022年7月29日），从流行曲线观察到双峰分布，这反映了间歇性的源传播模式。我们发现，与农村地区[中位流行日37.5日（2022年7月29日）]相比，城市地区[中位流行日25日（2022年7月17日）]较早检测到场所感染了瓦螨。位于没有种植区域的受感染场所，森林,和灌溉在疫情早期检测到[中位流行天数23.5天(2022年7月15日)，30（2022年7月22日），和15（2022年7月7日），分别]与种植地区相比，森林,和灌溉[疫情天数中位数50天(2022年8月11日)，43（2022年8月4日），和47（2022年8月8日），分别]。我们还发现，距入侵地点的距离与流行日没有显着相关。城市化和土地利用是新南威尔士州欧洲蜜蜂殖民地最近传播螨的潜在因素。这些知识对于管理当前的瓦螨螨爆发和防止未来的大规模瓦螨传播事件至关重要。
