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Abstract：
Hepatitis B infection is substantially associated with the development of liver cancer globally, with the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases exceeding 50%. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encodes the Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein, a pleiotropic regulatory protein necessary for the transcription of the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) microchromosome. In previous studies, HBV-associated HCC was revealed to be affected by HBx in multiple signaling pathways, resulting in genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has dichotomous potentials at various phases of malignancy as it is a crucial signaling pathway that regulates multiple cellular and physiological processes. In early HCC, TGF-β has a significant antitumor effect, whereas in advanced HCC, it promotes malignant progression. TGF-β interacts with the HBx protein in HCC, regulating the pathogenesis of HCC. This review summarizes the respective and combined functions of HBx and TGB-β in HCC occurrence and development.
摘要：
乙型肝炎感染与全球肝癌的发展密切相关，肝细胞癌（HCC）的患病率超过50％。乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）编码乙型肝炎病毒X（HBx）蛋白，HBV共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA）微染色体转录所必需的多效性调节蛋白。在以往的研究中,HBV相关的HCC被发现在多个信号通路中受到HBx的影响，导致原癌基因和抑癌基因的基因突变和表观遗传修饰。此外,转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）在恶性肿瘤的各个阶段具有二分潜能，因为它是调节多种细胞和生理过程的关键信号通路。在早期肝癌，TGF-β具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,而在晚期肝癌中，它促进恶性进展。TGF-β与肝癌中的HBx蛋白相互作用，调节肝癌的发病机制。本文综述了HBx和TGB-β在HCC发生发展中的各自和联合作用。
