PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Though school children tend to view peer victimization as morally wrong most do not to intervene on the victim\'s behalf and some instead choose to aid the victimizer. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate how students\' defending and pro-aggressive bystander behaviors evolved over the course of one school year and their association to basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement, and defender self-efficacy. Three-hundred-fifty-three upper elementary school students (55% girls; 9.9-12.9 years of age) each completed self-report surveys at three points during one school year. Results from latent growth curve models showed that pro-aggressive bystander behavior remained stable over the year, whereas defending behavior decreased. Moreover, students who exhibited greater basic moral sensitivity were both less likely to be pro-aggressive and simultaneously more likely to defend. Students with defender self-efficacy were not only associated with more defending behavior at baseline but also were also less likely to decrease in defender behavior over time. Conversely, students reporting a higher degree of moral disengagement were linked to more pro-aggressive behavior, particularly when also reporting lower basic moral sensitivity. These short-term longitudinal results add important insight into the change in bystander behavior over time and how it relates to students\' sense of morality. The results also highlight the practical necessity for schools to nurture students\' sense of morality and prosocial behavior in their efforts to curb peer victimization.
摘要：
尽管学童倾向于将同伴受害视为道德上的错误，但大多数人并不代表受害者进行干预，而有些人则选择帮助受害者。这项纵向研究的目的是调查学生在一个学年的过程中如何捍卫和支持攻击性的旁观者行为及其与基本道德敏感性的联系，道德上的脱离，和防守者的自我效能感。在一个学年中，分别有350名高年级小学生（55％为女孩；9.9-12.9岁）在三个点完成了自我报告调查。潜在增长曲线模型的结果表明，在过去的一年中，激进的旁观者行为保持稳定，而防御行为减少。此外，表现出更高的基本道德敏感性的学生既不太可能支持侵略性，同时也更有可能捍卫。具有防御者自我效能感的学生不仅与基线时的防御性行为有关，而且随着时间的推移，防御者行为也不太可能减少。相反，报告道德脱节程度较高的学生与更倾向于攻击性的行为有关，特别是当还报告较低的基本道德敏感性时。这些短期的纵向结果增加了对旁观者行为随时间变化的重要见解，以及它与学生道德感的关系。结果还强调了学校在遏制同伴受害的努力中培养学生的道德感和亲社会行为的现实必要性。
