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Abstract：
The mutualistic symbiotic relationship between insects and bacteria greatly influences the growth and development of host insects. Tessaratoma javanica (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), also referred to as the litchi stink bug, has recently been established as an important insect pest of Litchi chinensis Sonn. and causes substantial yield loss in India. To design effective and environmentally safe management strategies, an understanding of the diversity and functions of microbiota harbored across the development stages is very important. The assessment of the diversity of development-associated bacteria in T. javanica and their predicted functions was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by the Illumina MiSeq technology. The result showed that taxonomic analysis of associated bacteria in different developmental stages includes a total of 46 phyla, encompassing 139 classes, 271 orders, 474 families, and 893 genera of bacteria. All developmental stages of T. javanica shared a total of 42.82 percent of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with a 97 % similarity threshold. Alpha diversity indices showed maximum species richness in the egg and adult stages. The phyla Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria, exhibited the highest levels of abundance across all the developmental stages of T. javanica. Microbiota were most different between the egg and the 4th nymphal stage (χ2 = 711.67) and least different between the 2nd and 4th nymphal instars (χ2 = 44.45). The predicted functions of the microbiota associated with T. javanica are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, cell motility, cellular processes and signaling, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane transport. The present study documentation and information on symbiotic bacteria across T. javanica life stages will prompt the development of novel biological management strategies.
摘要：
昆虫与细菌之间的共生关系极大地影响了宿主昆虫的生长发育。牙本质（Thunberg）（半翅目：牙本质科），也被称为荔枝臭虫，最近已被确定为荔枝的重要害虫。并在印度造成大量产量损失。设计有效和环境安全的管理策略，了解微生物群在整个发育阶段的多样性和功能非常重要。使用通过IlluminaMiSeq技术获得的16SrRNA基因序列，对爪哇T.javanica中发育相关细菌的多样性及其预测功能进行了评估。结果表明,对不同发育阶段的伴生菌进行分类学分析,共46门,涵盖139个班级，271个订单,474个家庭,和893属细菌。javanica的所有发育阶段共有42.82％的操作分类单位（OTU），具有97%的相似性阈值。Alpha多样性指数在卵和成虫阶段显示出最大的物种丰富度。门变形菌，其次是Firmicutes，拟杆菌,和放线菌,在T.javanica的所有发育阶段都表现出最高的丰度。卵和第四若虫期之间的微生物区系差异最大（χ2=711.67），而第二和第四若虫之间的微生物区系差异最小（χ2=44.45）。与爪哇T.javanica相关的微生物群的预测功能主要涉及氨基酸代谢，细胞运动性,细胞过程和信号，聚糖生物合成和代谢，脂质代谢，和膜运输。本研究的文档和信息有关的共生细菌跨T.javanica生命阶段将促进新型生物管理策略的发展。
