PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are important contributors to coloration across a wide phylogenetic range of plants. Biological functions of anthocyanins span from reproduction to protection against biotic and abiotic stressors. Owing to a clearly visible phenotype of mutants, the anthocyanin biosynthesis and its sophisticated regulation have been studied in numerous plant species. Genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes are regulated by a transcription factor complex comprising MYB, bHLH and WD40 proteins.
RESULTS: A systematic comparison of anthocyanin-pigmented vs. non-pigmented varieties was performed within numerous plant species covering the taxonomic diversity of flowering plants. The literature was screened for cases in which genetic factors causing anthocyanin loss were reported. Additionally, transcriptomic data sets from four previous studies were reanalyzed to determine the genes possibly responsible for color variation based on their expression pattern. The contribution of different structural and regulatory genes to the intraspecific pigmentation differences was quantified. Differences concerning transcription factors are by far the most frequent explanation for pigmentation differences observed between two varieties of the same species. Among the transcription factors in the analyzed cases, MYB genes are significantly more prone to account for pigmentation differences compared to bHLH or WD40 genes. Among the structural genes, DFR genes are most often associated with anthocyanin loss.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support previous assumptions about the susceptibility of transcriptional regulation to evolutionary changes and its importance for the evolution of novel coloration phenotypes. Our findings underline the particular significance of MYBs and their apparent prevalent role in the specificity of the MBW complex.
RESULTS: A systematic comparison of anthocyanin-pigmented vs. non-pigmented varieties was performed within numerous plant species covering the taxonomic diversity of flowering plants. The literature was screened for cases in which genetic factors causing anthocyanin loss were reported. Additionally, transcriptomic data sets from four previous studies were reanalyzed to determine the genes possibly responsible for color variation based on their expression pattern. The contribution of different structural and regulatory genes to the intraspecific pigmentation differences was quantified. Differences concerning transcription factors are by far the most frequent explanation for pigmentation differences observed between two varieties of the same species. Among the transcription factors in the analyzed cases, MYB genes are significantly more prone to account for pigmentation differences compared to bHLH or WD40 genes. Among the structural genes, DFR genes are most often associated with anthocyanin loss.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support previous assumptions about the susceptibility of transcriptional regulation to evolutionary changes and its importance for the evolution of novel coloration phenotypes. Our findings underline the particular significance of MYBs and their apparent prevalent role in the specificity of the MBW complex.
摘要：
背景：花色苷是在广泛的植物系统发育范围内着色的重要贡献者。花青素的生物学功能从繁殖到保护免受生物和非生物胁迫。由于突变体的表型清晰可见，花青素的生物合成及其复杂的调控已经在许多植物物种中进行了研究。编码花青素生物合成酶的基因受包含MYB，bHLH和WD40蛋白。
结果：花青素色素与花青素色素的系统比较非色素品种在许多植物物种中进行，涵盖了开花植物的分类学多样性。在文献中筛选了报道了导致花青素丢失的遗传因素的病例。此外,重新分析了来自四项先前研究的转录组数据集，以根据其表达模式确定可能导致颜色变异的基因。定量了不同结构和调节基因对种内色素差异的贡献。迄今为止，有关转录因子的差异是对同一物种的两个品种之间观察到的色素沉着差异的最常见解释。在分析病例中的转录因子中，与bHLH或WD40基因相比，MYB基因更容易解释色素沉着差异。在结构基因中，DFR基因通常与花青素的损失有关。
结论：这些发现支持了先前关于转录调控对进化变化的敏感性及其对新型着色表型进化的重要性的假设。我们的发现强调了MYB的特殊意义及其在MBW复合物特异性中的明显普遍作用。
结果：花青素色素与花青素色素的系统比较非色素品种在许多植物物种中进行，涵盖了开花植物的分类学多样性。在文献中筛选了报道了导致花青素丢失的遗传因素的病例。此外,重新分析了来自四项先前研究的转录组数据集，以根据其表达模式确定可能导致颜色变异的基因。定量了不同结构和调节基因对种内色素差异的贡献。迄今为止，有关转录因子的差异是对同一物种的两个品种之间观察到的色素沉着差异的最常见解释。在分析病例中的转录因子中，与bHLH或WD40基因相比，MYB基因更容易解释色素沉着差异。在结构基因中，DFR基因通常与花青素的损失有关。
结论：这些发现支持了先前关于转录调控对进化变化的敏感性及其对新型着色表型进化的重要性的假设。我们的发现强调了MYB的特殊意义及其在MBW复合物特异性中的明显普遍作用。
